基于SysML的装备环境与工况建模分析方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.11.18

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 3872-3884.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.11.18

基于SysML的装备环境与工况建模分析方法

王旭¹^,²(), 潘星¹^,³(), 党宇恒¹(), 姚金勇¹(), 王可⁴()

1. 北京航空航天大学可靠性与系统工程学院，北京 100191
2. 北京航空航天大学国家卓越工程师学院，北京 100191
3. 可靠性与环境工程技术全国重点实验室，北京 100191
4. 瑞风协同科技有限公司，北京 100098

收稿日期:2025-09-23 修回日期:2026-01-05 接受日期:2026-02-10 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-04-30
通讯作者: 潘星 E-mail:WangXu2423@buaa.edu.cn;panxing@buaa.edu.cn;dangyuheng@buaa.edu.cn;jinyongyao@buaa.edu.cn;wk@rainfe.com
作者简介:王　旭（2001—），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为体系工程、可靠性系统工程
党宇恒（1997—），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为体系工程、可靠性系统工程
姚金勇（1974—），男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为可靠性与环境适应性工程
王　可（1966—），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为装备保障及系统仿真

Environment and operating conditions modeling and analysis method of equipment based on SysML

Xu Wang¹^,²(), Xing Pan¹^,³(), Yuheng Dang¹(), Jinyong Yao¹(), Ke Wang⁴()

1. School of Reliability and Systems Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2. National College for Excellent Engineers，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
3. National Key Laboratory of Reliability and Environmental Engineering，Beijing 100191，China
4. Beijing Rainfe Technology Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100098，China

Received:2025-09-23 Revised:2026-01-05 Accepted:2026-02-10 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-04-30
Contact: Xing Pan E-mail:WangXu2423@buaa.edu.cn;panxing@buaa.edu.cn;dangyuheng@buaa.edu.cn;jinyongyao@buaa.edu.cn;wk@rainfe.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

装备可靠性与环境适应性设计高度依赖于环境剖面的准确确定。然而现有的环境剖面分析方法依赖人工演绎推理与文本描述，存在流程模糊、敏捷性不足、描述精度低等问题，同时也未充分涵盖装备及其部件在不同工况下的具体影响。针对上述局限，提出一种融合基于模型的系统工程与多视图理论的环境与工况建模分析方法。首先，构建形式化建模框架，系统刻画装备环境与工况要素及其内在关联；在此基础上，基于系统建模语言（systems modeling language, SysML）定义结构化建模流程，从而支持模型的一致表达与全生命周期可追溯分析。以典型防空装备系统为例，开展作战使用阶段的环境与工况建模，并据此确定相应环境剖面，验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性。结果表明，该方法能够实现环境与工况的结构化、形式化表述，有效提升环境剖面分析的清晰度与准确性，为装备可靠性与环境适应性设计提供了有力的模型支撑。

关键词: 基于模型的系统工程, SysML, 环境适应性, 可靠性, 工况分析, 环境剖面

Abstract:

Reliability and environmental adaptability design for equipment depends on accurate environmental profiles. Yet conventional profile analysis method relies on deductive reasoning and text-based descriptions, yielding ambiguous workflows, limited agility, and reduced descriptive fidelity, and it does not adequately reflect how varying operating conditions affect equipment and components. This paper proposes a modeling and analysis method that combines model-based systems engineering （MBSE） with multi-view theory. First, a formal modeling framework is established to represent environmental and operating-condition elements and their relationships. Then, a structured procedure is defined in the systems modeling language （SysML） to ensure consistent representation and life-cycle traceability. A typical air-defense system is used as a case study to model the operational-use phase and derive corresponding environmental profiles, demonstrating feasibility and effectiveness. Results indicate improved clarity and accuracy of environmental profile analysis, providing model-based support for reliability and adaptability design.

Key words: model-based systems engineering, systems modeling language （SysML）, environmental adaptability, reliability, operating condition analysis, environmental profile

中图分类号:

TB 114.3

王旭, 潘星, 党宇恒, 姚金勇, 王可. 基于SysML的装备环境与工况建模分析方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(11): 3872-3884.

Xu Wang, Xing Pan, Yuheng Dang, Jinyong Yao, Ke Wang. Environment and operating conditions modeling and analysis method of equipment based on SysML[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(11): 3872-3884.

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文献	研究对象	SysML建模内容	分析与验证侧重点	环境以及工况处理方式
[18]	安全性	FCS架构模型	设计验证、适航认证	环境作为安全需求约束出现，无环境模型体系
[24]	可靠性	结构/行为模型与失效行为扩展	可靠性定量分析	环境作为失效诱因的抽象条件，无独立建模
[29]	安全性	多视图任务剖面建模	人-机-环耦合安全分析	环境用于任务安全分析，不构成完整环境剖面
[30]	环境适应性	环境适应性需求图形化描述	环境需求清晰化、可追踪性	环境作为需求约束出现，不涉及对工况、环境历程的分析
本文	环境适应性	多视图环境剖面建模+元模型体系	环境历程、环境剖面中的各阶段以及对应因素	基于对环境历程和工况的梳理分析装备环境剖面生成

要素名	符号	说明
活动要素	A	活动要素指装备在典型使用流程中的装备活动以及部件工况
时序逻辑要素	$ {T}_{L} $	时序逻辑要素指活动和工况的发生次序与逻辑关系
系统要素	EQ	结构要素指装备包含的部件以及部件之间交互接口
环境要素	EV	环境要素指装备经历的环境因素
功能要素	F	功能要素指装备在寿命期间将经历的寿命期阶段和相应典型使用环境
参数要素	P	参数要素指对环境条件的定性定量描述

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基于SysML的装备环境与工况建模分析方法

Environment and operating conditions modeling and analysis method of equipment based on SysML

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