基于改进萤火虫算法的卫星网络路由优化方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.04.31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对低轨卫星网络出现节点故障而导致延迟升高、无法保证报文可靠传输等问题, 提出一种基于改进萤火虫算法(improved firefly algorithm, IFA)的路由优化方法。首先, 为及时调整报文转发路径以绕过故障节点, 建立了基于路径可靠性的路由模型, 可全面评估路径质量。其次, 为应对卫星网络频繁的路由请求, 提高搜索到最优路径的成功率, 提出IFA求解路由模型。基于Levy飞行优化萤火虫种群初始化方法, 并依据萤火虫的年龄自适应调整光吸收系数和随机步长因子, 以提升算法收敛速度。同时, 混合遗传算法设计萤火虫交配阶段, 以提升算法探索解空间的能力。仿真结果表明, 在节点故障情况下, 该方法可规划有效最短路径, 显著降低网络的端到端延迟和丢包率, 并实现流量的负载均衡。

关键词: 低轨卫星网络, 启发式路由, 萤火虫算法, 遗传算法, 可靠性

Abstract:

In view of the problem of nodes failure in low Earth orbit satellite network, which causes higher delay and unreliable transmission of packets, a route optimization method based on improved firefly algorithm (IFA) is proposed. First, in order to adjust the packet forwarding path in time to avoid the nodes in failure, a routing model based on path reliability is established, which can comprehensively evaluate the path quality. Second, in order to cope with frequent routing requests from satellite network and improve the success rate of searching to the optimal path, an IFA is proposed to solve the routing model. The initialization method of firefly population is optimized based on Levy flight, and the light absorption coefficient and random step factor are adaptively adjusted based on the age of fireflies to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. Meanwhile, the copulation of fireflies is designed by hybrid genetic algorithm to improve the ability of the algorithm to explore the solution space. Simulation result shows that the method can plan the effective shortest path, significantly reduce the end-to-end delay and packet loss rate of the network in the case of nodes failure, and realizes the load balancing of traffic.

Key words: low Earth orbit satellite network, heuristic routing, firefly algorithm, genetic algorithm, reliability

中图分类号:

TP393

孙正阳, 杜晔. 基于改进萤火虫算法的卫星网络路由优化方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(4): 1346-1354.

Zhengyang SUN, Ye DU. Satellite network routing optimization method based on improved firefly algorithm[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(4): 1346-1354.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

表2

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

参考文献 30

1	ZHANGL,DUY,SUNZ Y.Modeling and analysis of cascading failures in LEO satellite networks[J].IEEE Trans.on Network Science and Engineering,2024,11(1):807-822. doi: 10.1109/TNSE.2023.3308610
2	DENGX,CHANGL,ZENGS Y,et al.Distance-based back-pressure routing for load-balancing LEO satellite networks[J].IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology,2023,72(1):1240-1253. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2022.3206616
3	YAN D, GUO J, WANG L Y, et al. SADR: network status adaptive QoS dynamic routing for satellite networks[C]//Proc. of the IEEE 13th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2016: 1186-1190.
4	邓勇,姚锋,邢立宁,等.基于混合进化算法的卫星网络星间数传方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2023,45(9):2931-2940. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.09.33
	DENGY,YAOF,XINGL N,et al.Inter-satellite data transmission method in satellite network based on hybrid evolutionary algorithm[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2023,45(9):2931-2940. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.09.33
5	SRINIVASJ,MUKHOPADHYAYS,MISHRAD.Secure and efficient user authentication scheme for multi-gateway wireless sensor networks[J].Ad Hoc Networks,2017,54,147-169. doi: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.11.002
6	CHENR,BAOF Y,CHANGM J,et al.Dynamic trust management for delay tolerant networks and its application to secure routing[J].IEEE Trans.on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2013,25(5):1200-1210.
7	ZHANGT Y,LIH W,LIUJ,et al.High-risk LEO satellite network path detection based on spatial and temporal delay anomaly analysis[J].China Communications,2023,20(7):57-71. doi: 10.23919/JCC.fa.2023-0077.202307
8	GOUNDER V V, PRAKASH R, ABU-AMARA H. Routing in LEO-based satellite networks[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Emerging Technologies Symposium Wireless Communications and Systems, 1999.
9	EKICIE,AKYILDIZI F,BENDERM D.A distributed routing algorithm for datagram traffic in LEO satellite networks[J].IEEE/ACM Trans.on Networking,200,9(2):137-147.
10	HENDERSON T R, KATZ R H. On distributed, geographic-based packet routing for LEO satellite networks[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2000: 1119-1123.
11	SONGG H,CHAOM Y,YANGB W,et al.TLR: a traffic-light-based intelligent routing strategy for NGEO satellite IP networks[J].IEEE Trans.on Wireless Communications,2014,13(6):3380-3393. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2014.041014.130040
12	RABJERG J W, LEYVA-MAYORGA I, SORET B, et al. Exploiting topology awareness for routing in LEO satellite constellations[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Global Communications Confe-rence, 2021.
13	杨明川,薛冠昌,李清毅.基于邻居卫星负载状态的低轨卫星分布式路由算法[J].通信学报,2021,42(8):43-51.
	YANGM C,XUEG C,LIQ Y.Neighbor satellite load based low orbit satellite distributed routing algorithm[J].Journal on Communications,2021,42(8):43-51.
14	DONGC Y,XUX,LIUA J,et al.Load balancing routing algorithm based on extended link states in LEO constellation network[J].China Communications,2022,19(2):247-260. doi: 10.23919/JCC.2022.02.020
15	魏德宾,操昱,杨力,等.一种基于时空等级的LEO卫星网络路由策略[J].航空学报,2023,44(16):204-214.
	WEID B,CAOY,YANGL,et al.A routing strategy for LEO satellite network based on space-time-level[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2023,44(16):204-214.
16	LIB,FEIZ S,ZHOUC Q,et al.Physical-layer security in space information networks: a survey[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2020,7(1):33-52. doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2943900
17	LONG F, SUN F C, WU F G. AQoS routing based on heuristic algorithm for double-layered satellite networks[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2008: 1866-1872.
18	DONGY,ZHAOS H,RANH D,et al.Routing and wavelength assignment in a satellite optical network based on ant colony optimization with the small window strategy[J].Journal of Optical Communications and Networking,2015,7(10):995-1000. doi: 10.1364/JOCN.7.000995
19	周剑,张胜东,王娟,等.基于不确定链路参数的卫星网络路由算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2019,41(5):1143-1148. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2019.05.29
	ZHOUJ,ZHANGS D,WANGJ,et al.Routing strategy for satellite networks based on uncertain link parameters[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2019,41(5):1143-1148. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2019.05.29
20	DAIC Q,LIAOG,CHENQ.Service-oriented routing with Markov space-time graph in low earth orbit satellite networks[J].Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies,2021,32(7):e4072. doi: 10.1002/ett.4072
21	ZHAOG H,KANGZ Y,HUANGY X,et al.A routing optimization method for LEO satellite networks with stochastic link failure[J].Aerospace,2022,9(6):322. doi: 10.3390/aerospace9060322
22	丁元明,赵钰,张然.微纳卫星网络的可信蚁群安全路由算法[J].计算机工程与设计,2022,43(6):1541-1548.
	DINGY M,ZHAOY,ZHANGR.Secure routing algorithm of trusted ant colony in micro-nano satellite network[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2022,43(6):1541-1548.
23	YANG X S. Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimization[C]//Proc. of the International Symposium on Stochastic Algorithms, 2009: 169-178.
24	HOLLANDJ H.Genetic algorithms[J].Scientific American,1992,267(1):66-72. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0792-66
25	PEREPELKIN D, NGUYEN T. Research of multipath routing processes in software defined networks based on firefly algorithm[C]//Proc. of the International Russian Automation Conference, 2022: 476-483.
26	ANURADHAM,GANESANV,OLIVERS,et al.Hybrid firefly with differential evolution algorithm for multi agent system using clustering based personalization[J].Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing,2021,12(6):5797-5806. doi: 10.1007/s12652-020-02120-w
27	SRIDEVIPONMALARP,KUMARV J S,HARIKRISHNANR.Hybrid firefly variants algorithm for localization optimization in WSN[J].International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems,2017,10(1):1263-1271. doi: 10.2991/ijcis.10.1.85
28	MANTEGNAR N.Fast, accurate algorithm for numerical-simulation of Levy stable stochastic-processes[J].Physical Review E,1994,49(5):4677-4683. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.49.4677
29	SUZUKIR,YASUDAY.Study on ISL network structure in LEO satellite communication systems[J].Acta Astronautica,2007,61(7/8):648-658.
30	WANG Z, CROWCROFT J. Shortest path first with emergency exits[C]//Proc. of the ACM Symposium on Communications Architectures & Protocols, 1990: 166-176.

参数	值
卫星数量/颗	120
轨道数量/个	10
每个轨道的卫星数量/颗	12
轨道高度/km	1 200
轨道倾角/(°)	55
离心率/(°)	0
平均报文大小/KB	1
卫星缓冲队列大小/KB	100
链路带宽/Mbps	25

发送源	接收源
发送源	纽约	北京	巴黎	开罗	悉尼	圣保罗
纽约	-	25	37.5	5	7.5	25
北京	60	-	20	4	12	4
巴黎	67	17	-	3	5	8
开罗	50	6.25	37.5	-	3.75	2.5
悉尼	61	19	15	3	-	3
圣保罗	58	14	20	3	5	-

[1]	付留芳, 许林周, 周明, 董晓明, 寇祝. 基于二次优化的T-Rⁿ型多基地声纳部署方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(5): 1600-1608.
[2]	关旗龙, 杭春进, 李胜利, 唐晓玖, 于丹, 丁颖. 深空环境下电子器件可靠性研究进展[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(4): 1184-1194.
[3]	吴浩南, 韩维, 潘子双, 郭放, 苏析超. 基于多层编码遗传算法的舰载机群兵力行动规划方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(2): 555-567.
[4]	祁新宇, 张智, 尚晓兵, 张艺琼, 姜立超, 周悦欣. 基于多项式混沌展开的船舶避碰鲁棒轨迹规划[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(2): 621-632.
[5]	张庭瑜, 曾颖, 李楠, 黄洪钟. 基于深度强化学习的航天器功率-信号复合网络优化算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(9): 3060-3069.
[6]	王佩骐, 鞠儒生, 张淼, 段伟. 基于非支配遗传算法的HLA仿真系统数据采集策略[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(9): 3103-3111.
[7]	丁泽柳, 季明, 杜静. 基于连通度的作战体系结构可靠性分析方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(9): 3112-3117.
[8]	许强强, 柴华. 基于NSGA-Ⅱ的车载光学测量设备任务调度方案优化[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(7): 2393-2400.
[9]	陈志伟, 张罗庚, 方晓彤, 袁远, 崔巍巍, 兑红炎, 洪东跑. 装备体系可靠性概念、建模与预计方法研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(6): 1975-1985.
[10]	李阳阳, 罗俊仁, 张万鹏, 项凤涛. 多星协同观测遗传-演进双层任务规划算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(6): 2044-2053.
[11]	蔡一鸣, 马力, 陆恒杨, 方伟. 基于全流程并行遗传算法的贝叶斯网络结构学习[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1703-1711.
[12]	王希, 任惠, 王威, 张嘉怡, 赵洪山. URLLC场景下信道可靠连通度预测[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1810-1819.
[13]	尧泽昆, 王超, 施庆展, 张少卿, 袁乃昌. 基于改进离散模拟退火遗传算法的雷达网协同干扰资源分配模型[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(3): 824-830.
[14]	尹帅, 余建慧, 宋斌, 郭延宁, 李传江, 吕跃勇. 基于多种群混沌遗传算法的GEO目标服务任务规划[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(3): 914-921.
[15]	李贵杰, 詹扬, 李大伟, 夏广庆. 考虑不确定性情况下的故障树重要度分析方法及应用[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(3): 935-941.