小型固定翼无人机连续波电磁辐射场-线耦合机理研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.11.04

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 3727-3735.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.11.04

小型固定翼无人机连续波电磁辐射场-线耦合机理研究

吕恒毅(), 赵敏(), 陈亚洲()

陆军工程大学石家庄校区，河北石家庄 050003

收稿日期:2025-11-20 修回日期:2025-12-30 接受日期:2026-01-21 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-04-24
通讯作者: 陈亚洲 E-mail:lhy123456@aeu.edu.cn;zhao_min_2012@126.com;chen_yazhou@sina.com
作者简介:吕恒毅（2001—），女，博士研究生，主要研究方向为装备电磁环境效应
赵　敏（1985—），女，副教授,博士，主要研究方向为电磁脉冲效应测试与仿真
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（62301605）资助课题

Research on the mechanism of continuous-wave electromagnetic radiation field-line coupling in small fixed-wing UAVs

Hengyi Lyu(), Min Zhao(), Yazhou Chen()

Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Campus，Shijiazhuang 050003，China

Received:2025-11-20 Revised:2025-12-30 Accepted:2026-01-21 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-04-24
Contact: Yazhou Chen E-mail:lhy123456@aeu.edu.cn;zhao_min_2012@126.com;chen_yazhou@sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对小型固定翼无人机在现代战场中易受外部电磁干扰而导致飞控失稳的问题，采用仿真与试验相结合的方法开展了连续波电磁辐射效应研究。利用CST电磁仿真软件建立了固定翼无人机场-线耦合模型，分析不同极化方式与入射角度连续波辐照下机体内部线缆的耦合规律；对整机开展连续波辐照效应试验，研究连续波对无人机舵机的干扰效应规律，得到了尾翼抖动的敏感频点分布与场强阈值。尾翼抖动的敏感中心频点（165 MHz、241 MHz、337 MHz）与信号线半波长谐振频率高度吻合，水平极化、左侧机身入射时耦合效率最高，场强阈值最低为52.6 V/m。结果表明, 舵机信号线是电磁辐射场-线耦合的主要路径，其干扰机理为线缆谐振产生的共模电流因阻抗不平衡转化为差模电压，进而干扰脉宽调制信号导致尾翼抖动。

关键词: 无人机, 连续波电磁干扰, 电磁干扰机理, 场-线耦合, 后门耦合

Abstract:

In response to the flight control instability of small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） caused by their susceptibility to external electromagnetic interference on the modern battlefield, this paper conducts a study on the effects of continuous wave electromagnetic radiation using a combined approach of simulation and experiment. A field-line coupling model is established using CST electromagnetic simulation software to analyse the coupling characteristics in internal cables under continuous wave irradiation with different polarisations and incidence angles. Whole-vehicle irradiation tests are conducted to examine the interference effects of continuous wave on the UAV’s servos, determining the sensitive frequency distribution and field strength thresholds for tail oscillation. The susceptibility center frequencies of tail-fin jitter (165 MHz, 241 MHz, 337 MHz) closely correspond to the half-wavelength resonance frequencies of the signal lines. The highest coupling efficiency and the lowest field strength threshold of 52.6 V/m are observed under horizontal polarization with left broadside incidence. The results indicate that the servo signal line is the primary path for field-line coupling, and the interference mechanism is that the common-mode current from cable resonance converts into differential-mode voltage, which disrupts the pulse width modulation signal and causes tail-fin jitter.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), continuous-wave electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic interference mechanism, field-line coupling, back-door coupling

中图分类号:

TN 972

吕恒毅, 赵敏, 陈亚洲. 小型固定翼无人机连续波电磁辐射场-线耦合机理研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(11): 3727-3735.

Hengyi Lyu, Min Zhao, Yazhou Chen. Research on the mechanism of continuous-wave electromagnetic radiation field-line coupling in small fixed-wing UAVs[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(11): 3727-3735.

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线缆名称	长度	导体半径$ {r}_{1} $	绝缘层外半径$ {r}_{2} $	外导体外半径$ {r}_{3} $	护套外半径$ {r}_{4} $
C1	620.4（方向舵）815.6（升降舵）	0.4	0.6	—	—
C2	216.7	0.5	0.84	1.0	1.5
C3	230.9	0.5	1.2	—	1.8
C4	226.0	0.5	0.84	1.0	1.5
C5	64.7	1.0	1.5	—	—

频率/MHz	场强/（V·m⁻¹）	效应现象
30~100	—	无
101~250	52.6	尾翼非指令性抖动，且垂直尾翼先抖动
251~350	80.2	尾翼非指令性抖动，且俯仰角、滚转角读数波动
351~400	146.3	俯仰角、滚转角读数波动
401~500	—	无

理论谐振频点/MHz	仿真谐振频点/MHz	试验敏感频点/MHz
163	172（5%）	165（1.2%）
248	261（5.2%）	241（2.8%）
326	336（3%）	337（3.4%）

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小型固定翼无人机连续波电磁辐射场-线耦合机理研究

Research on the mechanism of continuous-wave electromagnetic radiation field-line coupling in small fixed-wing UAVs

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