考虑力学形变的相控阵天线波束控制实现策略

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.08.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对相控阵天线在受载变形下的实时波束控制问题，提出一种基于神经网络等效的天线波束控制策略，其具有等效不同电控函数的能力，且适合于硬件编程实现。通过计算资源分配及并行化编程，形成了该策略的控制器，其对于不同形变具有适配性。相关研究对于实验室内天线阵面受载变形的波束控制有效性测评具有支撑作用。

关键词: 相控阵天线, 波束控制, 可编程逻辑器件, 神经网络, 力学形变

Abstract:

Aiming at the beam control problem of phased array antennas under mechanical deformations, this study presents a beam control strategy which utilizes the equivalent neural networks to fit the various electric control functions, making it highly compatible with hardware programming implementations. By appropriately allocating computational resource and employing parallel programming techniques, a controller of the proposed strategy is designed, which is feasible for various deformations. This work has the ability to support the effectiveness evaluating of the beam performance of phased array antennas within laboratory environments when the possible mechanical deformations are considered.

Key words: phased array, beam control, field-programmable gate array （FPGA）, neural network, mechanical deformation

中图分类号:

TN 957.51

王奇, 潘宇宁, 郑峻峰, 王力. 考虑力学形变的相控阵天线波束控制实现策略[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(8): 2421-2428.

Qi WANG, Yuning PAN, Junfeng ZHENG, Li WANG. Implementation strategy of phased array beam control considering mechanical deformation[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(8): 2421-2428.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

参考文献 31

1	WANG C H, CHEN Y K, LIU G, et al. Aircraft-integrated VHF band antenna array designs using characteristic modes[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68 (11): 7358- 7369. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2020.2997468
2	KINGHORN T, SCOTT I, TOTTEN E. Recent advances in airborne phased array radar systems[C]// Proc. of the IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology, 2016.
3	YI J X, WAN X R, LEUNG H, et al. Joint placement of transmitters and receivers for distributed MIMO radars[J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2017, 53 (1): 122- 134. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2017.2649338
4	BISHOP N A, MILLER J, ZEPPETTELLA D, et al. A broadband high-gain bi-layer LPDA for UHF conformal load-bearing antenna structures （CLASs） applications[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 63 (5): 2359- 2364. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2015.2409866
5	PENG J J, QU S W, XIA M Y, et al. Conformal phased array antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle with ±70° scanning range[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69 (8): 4580- 4587. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3060125
6	MILLER B, ARONLD E J. Wing-integrated airborne antenna array beamforming sensitivity to wing deflections[C]// Proc. of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2018.
7	WANG Y, WANG C S, GAO W, et al. Compensation method for distorted active phased array antennas in condition of quantization errors based on structural-electromagnetic coupling [C]// Proc. of the 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2018.
8	SCHIPPERS H, SSPALLUTO G, VOS G. Radiation analysis of conformal phased array antennas on distorted structures[C]// Proc. of the 12th International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2003: 160−163.
9	ZHAO M H, CHEN J S, ZHAO G J, et al. Design of high-precision airborne SAR stabilization platform based on active disturbance rejection technology[C]// Proc. of the 3rd China International SAR Symposium, 2022.
10	KNOTT P, LOECKER C, ALGERMISSEN S, et al. Compensation of static deformation and vibrations of antenna arrays[C]// Proc. of the 9th International Conference on Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Aerospace and Sciences, 2012: 573−578.
11	BRAATEN B D, ROY S, NARIYAL S, et al. A self-adapting flexible （SELFLEX） antenna array for changing conformal surface applications[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61 (2): 655- 665. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2226227
12	LESUEUR G, CAER D, MERLET T, et al. Active compensation techniques for deformable phased array antenna[C]// Proc. of the 3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2009: 1578−1581.
13	YU R, XU P Y, YANG X, et al. Performance compensation method for spaceborne active phased array antennas under thermal loads[C]// Proc. of the 10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2022.
14	LOU S X, WANG W, BAO H, et al. A compensation method for deformed array antennas considering mutual coupling effect[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17 (10): 1900- 1904. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2869168
15	WANG Q Y, YU Y X, PAN Y N, et al. Pattern synthesis of distorted phased array antenna with unsteady surface deformation considering dynamic range ratio[J]. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2024, 16 (3): 1- 7.
16	TANG B, ZHOU J Z, TANG B F, et al. Adaptive correction for radiation patterns of deformed phased array antenna panels[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8, 5416- 5427. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963242
17	LOU S X, WANG W, QIAN S H, et al. A fast pattern computation method for deformed antenna arrays[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18 (9): 1838- 1842. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2931333
18	WEI X Y, MIAO E M, WANG W, et al. Real-time thermal deformation compensation method for active phased array antenna panels[J]. Precision Engineering, 2019, 60, 121- 129. doi: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2019.08.003
19	WANG C S, WANG Y, YUAN S, et al. Data-driven deformation reconstruction method for large aperture flexible vehicle-mounted antenna[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2023, 23 (20): 25323- 25339. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3312443
20	CHEN A X, WU P. Design of beam steering system in phased array based on DSP[C]// Proc. of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, 2009: 608−611.
21	郭立俊. 基于查表方式的雷达波束扫描技术[J]. 火控雷达技术, 2015, 44 (1): 75- 78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8652.2015.01.016
	GUO L J. Radar beam scanning technique based on look-up table method[J]. Fire Control Radar Technology, 2015, 44 (1): 75- 78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8652.2015.01.016
22	郭立俊. 改进型波控算法在FPGA中的研究与实现[J]. 合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 43 (2): 200- 204. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2020.02.010
	GUO L J. Research on implementation of improved wave control algorithm based on FPGA[J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology （Natural Science）, 2020, 43 (2): 200- 204. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2020.02.010
23	TSENG F I, CHENG D K. Optimum scannable planar arrays with an invariant sidelobe level[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1968, 56 (11): 1771- 1778. doi: 10.1109/PROC.1968.6749
24	WANG Q, ZHENG J F, YU Y X, et al. A gradient-based phase-only synthesis for solving Q-N problem of planar clustered phased arrays for sidelobe suppression[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 70 (10): 9225- 9232. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2022.3177498
25	LI H T, RAN L Y, CHEN S Y, et al. Antenna selection and receive beamforming for multi-functional sparse linear array via consensus ADMM[J]. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, 2024, 73 (7): 10435- 10450. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2024.3383210
26	CUI Z M, ZHANG Q H, AN J F, et al. Multibeam synthesis for a reconfigurable sparse array via a new consensus PDD framework[J]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 2024, 72 (2): 1541- 1555. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2023.3345003
27	YI H J, JI G R, LIU J H, et al. Optimal structure and parameters of BP neural network for curve fitting problem[C]// Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Electronic, Mechanical, Information and Management Society, 2016, 40: 1647−1652.
28	EKBLAD A, MAHENDRAKAR T, WHITE R, et al. Resource-constrained FPGA design for satellite component feature extraction[C]// Proc. of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2023.
29	YOUSIF R K, HASHIM I A, ABD B H. Low area FPGA implementation of hyperbolic tangent function [C]// Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Engineering Technology and its Applications, 2023: 596−602.
30	XIE Y S, RAG A N J, HU Z D, et al. A twofold lookup table architecture for efficient approximation of activation functions[J]. IEEE Trans. on Very Large Scale Integration （VLSI） Systems, 2020, 28 (12): 2540- 2550. doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2020.3015391
31	刘心成, 张林让, 张涛. 机载一维相扫雷达空域稳定算法研究[J]. 现代雷达, 2024, 46 (2): 86- 94.
	LIU X C, ZHANG L R, ZHANG T. Research on spatial stable algorithm for airborne one-dimensional phase scan radar[J]. Modern Radar, 2024, 46 (2): 86- 94.

工作参数	工作频率/GHz	方位角/（°）	俯仰角/（°）	外部载荷/（N/m）
取值范围	2.95~3.05	0~45	0~360	0~100

[1]	张梦泽, 田黎育. 基于高分辨谱估计的雷达目标分类方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(7): 2146-2153.
[2]	魏波, 胡财富, 任芮彬. 面向不平衡数据的二阶段网络入侵检测新方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(6): 2065-2075.
[3]	段阿敏, 张朝辉. 基于二次分解的混合神经网络蜂窝流量预测[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(5): 1687-1697.
[4]	陈凯, 张德平. 基于图神经网络的导弹时序规划方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(3): 862-870.
[5]	郭鹏飞, 靳锴, 陈琪锋, 魏才盛. 基于噪声元学习的卫星遥测信号异常检测方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(2): 352-359.
[6]	付卫红, 张鑫钰, 刘乃安. 基于多尺度融合神经网络的同频同调制单通道盲源分离算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(2): 641-649.
[7]	邵永琪, 杨丽花, 常澳, 任露露. RIS辅助的OFDM系统中时变信道估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(1): 324-331.
[8]	张天骐, 杨宗方, 邹涵, 马焜然. 基于编码矩阵估计的极化码参数盲识别算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(9): 3221-3230.
[9]	王磊, 张劲, 叶秋炫. LDACS系统基于循环谱和残差神经网络的频谱感知方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(9): 3231-3238.
[10]	张瑞斌, 朱梦韬, 李云杰. 对调制识别网络隐身的雷达发射信号生成方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(7): 2256-2268.
[11]	齐兵, 程建华, 赵砚驰, 汪籽粒. 基于微形变分析的电容式MEMS加速度计温漂误差精密估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(7): 2437-2445.
[12]	吴巍屹, 贾云献, 姜相争, 史宪铭, 刘洁, 刘彬, 董恩志, 朱曦. 面向阶段任务的携行器材品种确定方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(6): 2054-2064.
[13]	张勇芳, 高晶钰, 刘涓. 单参考阵元旋转电场矢量法校准相控阵天线[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1525-1534.
[14]	庆豪, 方志耕, 王育红, 邱玺睿. 基于灰色-神经网络的民机需求组合预测[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1665-1672.
[15]	杨宗方, 张天骐, 马焜然, 邹涵. 基于深层神经网络的信道编码类型盲识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1820-1829.