复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.07.08

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 2237-2255.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.07.08

• 传感器与信号处理 • 上一篇

复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性研究

王进¹, 冷祥光¹^,*, 孙忠镇¹, 马晓杰¹, 杨阳², 计科峰¹

1. 国防科技大学电子科学学院电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410073
2. 中国人民解放军93525部队, 西藏拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2024-06-28 发布日期:2024-07-02
通讯作者: 冷祥光
作者简介:王进(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为智能电子对抗与评估、SAR图像目标智能解译
冷祥光(1991—), 男, 副教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为遥感信息处理、SAR图像智能解译、机器学习
孙忠镇(1996—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为智能电子对抗与评估、SAR图像目标识别
马晓杰(1993—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为智能电子对抗与评估、SAR图像与目标识别
杨阳(1982—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为智能电子对抗与评估、SAR图像与目标识别
计科峰(1974—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为SAR图像解译、目标检测与识别、特征提取、SAR与AIS匹配
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(62001480);湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ40684)

Study of space/time varying defocus characteristics of complex moving ship targets in SAR imaging

Jin WANG¹, Xiangguang LENG¹^,*, Zhongzhen SUN¹, Xiaojie MA¹, Yang YANG², Kefeng JI¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
2. Unit 93525 of the PLA, Lhasa 850000, China

Received:2022-09-26 Online:2024-06-28 Published:2024-07-02
Contact: Xiangguang LENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成孔径雷达(sythetic aperture radar, SAR)能够对海上舰船目标进行全天时、全天候成像, 但是运动舰船在高分辨率SAR图像上的方位向散焦会严重影响后续对舰船目标的识别。由于舰船运动的非合作性, 目前对复杂运动舰船在SAR图像中的散焦特性认识不足。本文首先从SAR成像原理出发, 理论推导得出舰船复杂运动引起的SAR回波信号相位误差的空变性和时变性是导致其SAR图像质量下降的决定性因素。在此基础上, 构建了一个复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像模拟器, 通过对不同运动状态、不同合成孔径时间舰船点、线、面目标的SAR成像仿真, 揭示了复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性。其中, 空变性会造成舰船在SAR图像上非均匀散焦; 时变性使得舰船在SAR图像上变为一条方位向能量带。最后, 结合空/时变散焦特性, 探讨了未来SAR运动舰船重聚焦技术的发展方向。

关键词: 合成孔径雷达, 舰船散焦, 空变相位误差, 多普勒时变, 重聚焦

Abstract:

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can take images of ship targets at sea all-day and all-weather. However, the azimuth defocus of moving ships in high resolution SAR images has seriously affected the subsequent recognition for ship targets. Due to the non-cooperative nature of ship motion, the defocus characteristics of complex moving ship in SAR images have not been well understood. In this paper, based on the principle of SAR imaging, it has been theoretically deduced that the spatial-variability and time-variability of SAR echo signal phase errors caused by complex ship motion are the decisive factors that lead to the degradation of SAR image quality. On this basis, a SAR imaging simulator for complex moving ship targets is constructed. By simulating SAR imaging of ship point, line, and surface targets at different motion states and synthetic aperture times, the spatial/temporal defocus characteristics of SAR imaging for complex moving ship targets are revealed. Among them, spatial variability can cause non-uniform defocus of ships in SAR images. Time variability causes the ship to transform into an azimuthal energy band in SAR images. Finally, based on the spatial/temporal defocus characteristics, the development direction of future SAR motion ship refocusing technology is discussed.

Key words: synthetic aperture radar (SAR), defocus of ships, space-varying phase error, Doppler time varying, refocuse

中图分类号:

TN957.52

王进, 冷祥光, 孙忠镇, 马晓杰, 杨阳, 计科峰. 复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(7): 2237-2255.

Jin WANG, Xiangguang LENG, Zhongzhen SUN, Xiaojie MA, Yang YANG, Kefeng JI. Study of space/time varying defocus characteristics of complex moving ship targets in SAR imaging[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(7): 2237-2255.

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参数	符号	数值
载波频率/GHz	f₀	3
脉冲重复频率/Hz	f_a	188
线性调频脉冲持续时间/μs	T_r	1.5
线性调频脉冲带宽/MHz	B_r	150
中心下视角/rad	θ₀	0.25π
雷达高度/m	H	3 000
天线长度/m	L_a	2
雷达平台初始飞行速度/(m/s)	v_SAR	150

点目标名称	运动类型	参数
P1	方位向匀速	v_a=5 m/s
P2	距离向匀速	v_r=3 m/s
P3	静止	-
P4	距离向加速	a_r=3 m/s²
P5	方位向加速	a_a=3 m/s²
P6	综合运动	v_a=5 m/s, v_r=3 m/s, a_r=a_a=3 m/s²

运动类型	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6
方位向匀速	1	2	3	4	5	6
距离向匀速	1	2	3	4	5	6

参数	横滚	俯仰	偏航
摆幅/(°)	38.4	3.4	38
摆动周期/s	12.2	6.7	14.2

雷达平台速度/(m/s)	合成孔径时间/s
10	21.2
15	14.1
30	7.1
60	3.5
150	1.4

复杂运动舰船目标SAR成像空/时变散焦特性研究

Study of space/time varying defocus characteristics of complex moving ship targets in SAR imaging

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