序列ISAR像复杂结构航天器在轨姿态估计

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.08.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对“中国空间站”等复杂结构航天器在轨姿态估计误差精度优化的问题，提出了一种基于多线性结构特征优化选择的姿态估计方法。首先采用奇异值分解方法获取ISAR等效成像平面的空间位置，然后通过Unet3+神经网络分割出航天器的典型部件，进而获取各部件的线性结构，最后建立优化函数求解航天器在轨姿态角。仿真和实测实验结果表明，相比现有方法，所提方法能够实现结构特征的自动提取并有效减少姿态估计误差。

关键词: 逆合成孔径雷达, 姿态估计, 成像平面, 部件分割

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of in orbit attitude estimation error accuracy optimization of complex structure spacecraft such as 'China Space Station', an attitude estimation method based on multi-linear structure feature optimization selection is proposed. Firstly, the spatial position of the equivalent imaging plane is obtained by singular value decomposition (SVD). Then the typical components of the spacecraft are segmented by Unet3+ neural network, so the linear structure of each component is obtained. Finally, the attitude of the spacecraft in orbit is solved by an optimal estimation problem. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can realize the automatic extraction of structural features and effectively reduce the attitude estimation error.

Key words: inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), attitude estimation, imaging plane, component segmentation

中图分类号:

TN95

寇鹏, 刘永祥, 张弛, 李玮杰, 张双辉, 霍凯. 序列ISAR像复杂结构航天器在轨姿态估计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(8): 2438-2445.

Peng KOU, Yongxiang LIU, Chi ZHANG, Weijie LI, Shuanghui ZHANG, Kai HUO. Attitude estimation of spacecraft in orbit with complex structure based on sequential ISAR images[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(8): 2438-2445.

图/表 19

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参考文献 31

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H/km	i取值
H/km	i=55°	i=98°	i=120°
300	3.82°	3.80°	3.91°
500	3.53°	3.09°	3.18°
700	2.94°	3.33°	2.88°

ISAR像	主体径向尺寸/横向尺寸/方向	帆板1 径向尺寸/横向尺寸/方向	帆板2 径向尺寸/横向尺寸/方向	帆板3 径向尺寸/横向尺寸/方向
图 12(a)	8.98 m/16.62m/21.2°	7.49 m/2.14 m/-61.6°	10.47 m/5.09 m/-59.9°	8.53 m/2.09 m/-60.2°
图 12(f)	11.79 m/17.16 m/31.9°	6.24 m/4.98 m/-50.1°	8.85 m/6.47 m/-49.5°	5.08 m/4.35 m/-48.7°
图 12(k)	6.61 m/8.87 m/-33.6°	4.11 m/4.23 m/42.2°	5.16 m/6.99 m/42.4°	4.05 m/3.98 m/40.8°

部件提取平均误差	主体	帆板1	帆板2	帆板3
径向尺寸/m	0.38	2.25	0.37	2.70
横向尺寸/m	0.94	0.93	1.87	3.15
方向/(°)	0.93	0.57	0.11	1.20

平均姿态角误差/(°)	线性结构
平均姿态角误差/(°)	“十”	“士”	“王”
5副ISAR的ϕ	6.32	5.44	4.39
25副ISAR的ϕ	2.53	2.12	1.81
45副ISAR的ϕ	0.89	0.91	0.92

平均姿态误差/(°)	线性结构
平均姿态误差/(°)	“十”	“士”	“王”
5幅ISAR的ϕ	11.61	11.25	11.49
15幅ISAR的ϕ	2.24	2.45	1.78
45幅ISAR的ϕ	1.77	1.99	1.74