基于MIMO-ISAR的弹道目标结构参数估计方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的单站逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar, ISAR)成像为实现方位向的高分辨,往往会增大成像时间,但对于高速运动的弹道目标而言,此方法并不适用。针对这一问题,提出利用多输入多输出逆合成孔径雷达(multiple input multiple output ISAR, MIMO-ISAR)在空间上的多分布来达到时间上积累的效果。在得到多通道回波信号后,利用时频图和时间距离像对弹道目标锥顶散射点进行匹配。然后根据锥顶散射点信息对多幅ISAR像进行配准融合,得到一幅高分辨的融合ISAR像。最后利用不同雷达视线下的目标投影长度和目标几何参数之间存在的映射关系,反演出弹道目标的几何结构参数。通过仿真结果可以验证算法的有效性。

关键词: 弹道目标, 多输入多输出逆合成孔径雷达, 图像配准, 结构参数

Abstract:

Traditional single-station inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging usually increases imaging time in order to achieve high azimuth resolution, but this method is not suitable for ballistic targets which have high speed. In order to work around this problem, it is proposed to use multiple input multiple output ISAR (MIMO-ISAR) multi-distribution in space to achieve the effect of time accumulation. After obtaining the multi-channel echo signal, the conical top scattering points of ballistic target are matched by time-frequency images and time distance images. Then, according to the cone top scattering point information, a superior resolution fusion ISAR image is obtained by registration and fusion of multiple ISAR images. Finally, the geometric parameters of the ballistic target are extracted by using the mapping relationship between the projection length of the target and the geometric parameters of the target under different radar line of sight. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Key words: ballistic targets, multiple input multiple output inverse synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-ISAR), image registration, structural parameters

中图分类号:

TN957

韩立珣, 田波, 冯存前. 基于MIMO-ISAR的弹道目标结构参数估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(3): 603-612.

Lixun HAN, Bo TIAN, Cunqian FENG. Estimating structural parameters of ballistic targets based on MIMO-ISAR[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(3): 603-612.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表2

图13

参考文献 32

1	DAVID L R . Ballistic missile defense[J]. Journal of Electronic Defence, 2006, 29 (1): 46- 52.
2	CHEN V C , LI F Y , HO S S , et al. Analysis of micro-Doppler signatures[J]. IEE Proceedings on Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2003, 150 (4): 271- 276. doi: 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030743
3	VICTORIA S . American missile defense[M]. California: Praeger Security International, 2010: 44- 78.
4	RAJUPUT A , IQBAL M A , GUPTA N K . Ballistic performances of concrete targets subjected to long projectile impact[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2018, 126, 171- 181. doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2017.01.021
5	PENG S W , LI S Y , XUE X X , et al. High-resolution W-band ISAR imaging system utilizing a logic-operation-based photonic digital-to-analog converter[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26 (2): 1978- 1987. doi: 10.1364/OE.26.001978
6	YANG Q, DENG B, WANG H Q, et al. Parameter estimation of the precessing targets with a wideband Terahertz radar[C]//Proc.of the 43rd IEEE International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 2018.
7	XU Z M , AI X F , WU Q H , et al. Micro-Doppler characteristics of streamlined ballistic target[J]. Electronics Letters, 2019, 55 (3): 149- 151. doi: 10.1049/el.2018.7251
8	YANG Q , DENG B , WANG H Q , et al. Translation compensation and micro-Doppler extraction for precession ballistic targets with a wideband terahertz radar[J]. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 2018, 27 (1): 013009.
9	PARK S R , NAM I , NOH S . Modeling and simulation for the investigation of radar responses to electronic attacks in electronic warfare environments[J]. Security and Communication Networks, 2018, 1- 13.
10	金光虎, 高勋章, 黎湘, 等. 基于ISAR像序列的弹道目标进动特征提取[J]. 电子学报, 2010, 28 (6): 1233- 1238.
	JIN G H , GAO X Z , LI X , et al. Precession feature extraction of ballistic targets based on dynamic ISAR image sequence[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2010, 28 (6): 1233- 1238.
11	束长勇, 陈世春, 吴洪骞, 等. 基于ISAR像序列的锥体目标进动及结构参数估计[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2015, 37 (5): 1078- 1084.
	SHU C Y , CHEN S C , WU H Q , et al. Precession and structure parameters estimation of precession cone target based on ISAR image sequence[J]. Journal of Electronics&Information Technology, 2015, 37 (5): 1078- 1084.
12	徐少坤, 刘记红, 袁翔宇, 等. 基于ISAR图像的中段目标二维几何特征反演方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2015, 37 (2): 340- 345.
	XU S K , LIU J H , YUAN X Y , et al. Two dimensional geometric feature inversion method for midcourse target based on ISAR Image[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37 (2): 340- 345.
13	雷腾, 刘进忙, 李松, 等. 基于MP稀疏分解的弹道中段目标微动ISAR成像新方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2011, 33 (12): 2649- 2654. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2011.12.15
	LEI T , LIU J M , LI S , et al. A novel ISAR imaging method of ballistic midcourse targets based on MP sparse decomposition[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2011, 33 (12): 2649- 2654. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2011.12.15
14	朱宇涛, 郁文贤, 粟毅. 一种基于MIMO技术的ISAR成像方法[J]. 电子学报, 2009, 37 (9): 1885- 1894. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2009.09.003
	ZHU Y T , YU W X , SU Y . An ISAR imaging method based on MIMO technique[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2009, 37 (9): 1885- 1894. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2009.09.003
15	PASTINA D, BUCCIARELLI M, PIERFRANCESCO L. Multistatic and MIMO distributed ISAR for enhanced cross-range resolution of rotating targets[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010, 48(8): 3300-3317.
16	董会旭, 张永顺, 冯存前, 等. 基于线阵的MIMO-ISAR二维成像方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2015, 37 (2): 309- 314.
	DONG H X , ZHANG Y S , FENG C Q , et al. Two-dimensional imaging using MIMO radar and ISAR technique based on linear array[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37 (2): 309- 314.
17	WANG Y, LI X L. 3-D Imaging based on combination of the ISAR technique and a MIMO radar system[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2018, 56(10): 1-22.
18	MA L , LIU J , WANG T , et al. Micro-doppler characteristics of sliding-type scatting center on rotationally symmetric target[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2011, 41 (5): 605- 616.
19	ZHANG S H, LIU Y X. Bayesian bistatic ISAR imaging for targets with complex motion under low SNR condition[J]. IEEE Trans.on Image Processing, 2018, 27(5): 2447-2460.
20	SHI L , GUO B F , MA J T , et al. A novel channel calibration method for bistatic ISAR imaging system[J]. Applied Sciences, 2018, 8 (11): 2160. doi: 10.3390/app8112160
21	LI H , ZHAO Y , CHENG Z , et al. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulation signal design with optimized pulse compression property of spatial synthesized signals[J]. IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2016, 10, 1319- 1326. doi: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2015.0642
22	HASHEMPOUR H R , MOHMMAD A M S , SHEIKHI A . Cyclic prefix-based OFDM ISAR imaging[J]. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 42 (2): 239- 249. doi: 10.1007/s40998-018-0057-5
23	WANG W Q, SO H C, HUANG L T, et al.Low peak-to-average ratio OFDM chirp waveform diversity design[C]//Proc.of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2014: 8351-8354.
24	KNILL C , ROOS F , SCHWEIZER B , et al. Random multiplexing for an MIMO-OFDM radar with compressed sensing-based reconstruction[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2019, 29 (4): 300- 302. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2019.2901405
25	SUN S , LIANG G . ISAR imaging of complex motion targets based on Radon transform cubic chirplet decomposition[J]. Journal of International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2018, 39 (6): 1770- 1781. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2017.1415485
26	ZHU Y T, SU Y, YU W X. An ISAR imaging method based on MIMO technique[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2010, 48(8): 3290-3299.
27	邵长宇, 杜兰, 韩勋, 等. 基于双视角距离像序列的空间锥体目标参数估计方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2015, 37 (11): 2735- 2741.
	SHAO C Y , DU L , HAN X , et al. Estimation method for space target coning target parameters based on two-aspect range profile sequences[J]. Journal of Electronics&Information Technology, 2015, 37 (11): 2735- 2741.
28	BROWN L G . A survey of image registration techniques[J]. ACM Computing Surveys, 1992, 24 (4): 326- 376.
29	MA J, JIANG J J, ZHOU H B, et al.Guided locality preserving feature matching for remote sensing image registration[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2018, 56(8): 4435-4447.
30	CHEN H M, VARSHNEY P K, ARORA M K. Performance of mutual information similarity measure for registration of multitemporal remote sensing images[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003, 41(11): 2445-2454.
31	LIU F Q , BI F K , CHEN L , et al. Feature-area optimization: a novel SAR image registration method[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2016, 13 (2): 242- 246. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2015.2507982
32	谷文堃, 王党卫, 马晓岩. 分布式MIMO-ISAR子图像融合方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6 (1): 90- 97.
	GU W K , WANG D W , MA X Y . Distributed MIMO-ISAR sub-image fusion method[J]. Journal of Radars, 2017, 6 (1): 90- 97.

参数	数值
子带宽B_s/GHz	3
脉冲宽度T_p/μs	1
频率间隔Δf/GHz	1
合成带宽B/GHz	5
采样频率f_s/GHz	6
观测时间t/s	0.1
母线长度L/m	2.061 55
半锥角φ₀/rad	0.244 9
底面半径r/m	0.5
进动角γ/rad	0.177 5
进动角速度ω_c/(rad/s)	1π

SNR/dB	母线长度估计值${\hat L}$/m	半锥角估计值${\hat \varphi }$₀/rad
8	2.045	0.246 6
6	2.041	0.246 2
4	2.114	0.248 0
2	1.998	0.252 2
0	2.156	0.234 7
-2	2.164	0.231 6
-4	2.203	0.228 9
-6	1.838	0.212 4
-8	2.318	0.210 3

[1]	孙照强, 王志贵, 孟飞, 李陆雨, 于中, 陈燕. 基于EKF及弹道方程的弹道目标跟踪滤波器设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(10): 3207-3212.
[2]	李江, 冯存前, 王义哲, 贺思三. 基于深度学习的弹道目标智能分类[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(6): 1226-1234.
[3]	舒适, 房建成, 张伟, 刘刚, 钱勇, 张健, 崔培玲. 基于MSCMG的复合补偿控制提高图像配准方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(12): 2827-2834.
[4]	杨勇, 胡思茹. 基于模板匹配约束下的光学与SAR图像配准[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(10): 2235-2242.
[5]	曾丽娜, 周德云, 潘潜, 张堃. SAR图像最佳欧式空间距离矩阵匹配方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(5): 1002-1006.
[6]	王延钊, 苏娟. 基于相干斑抑制SIFT的SAR图像配准方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(12): 2697-2703.
[7]	胡晓伟, 童宁宁, 胡国平, 王宇晨. 基于微多普勒的弹道多目标分离方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(8): 1734-1740.
[8]	黄璟, 宁超, 朱勇. 基于最优路径的弹道目标径向长度提取方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(7): 1499-1503.
[9]	刘永春, 王广学, 栗苹, 闫晓鹏. 全仿射形变下基于点特征的SAR图像配准方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(6): 1259-1265.
[10]	李振华, 江耿红, 徐胜男, 刘允刚. 基于轮廓多边形拟合的红外与可见光图像配准算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(12): 2872-2878.
[11]	董会旭, 张永顺, 冯存前, 胡晓伟. MIMO-ISAR成像空时等效误差校正方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(11): 2487-2491.
[12]	吴一全，陶飞翔，曹照清. 利用双树复小波变换和SURF的图像配准算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(5): 997-1003.
[13]	何嘉懿，廖桂生，杨志伟. 星载雷达对弹道目标跟踪模式的选择[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35(2): 275-281.
[14]	吴　瑕，陈建文，鲍　拯，郭德阳. 天波超视距雷达探测弹道目标关键因素与技术研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2013, 35(11): 2297-2302.
[15]	尹治平，陈卫东. 基于二维FRFT压缩的上升段弹道目标成像[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2013, 35(10): 2074-2079.