基于DOA估计的前视多通道SAR成像方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.08.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对前视合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)方位分辨受限以及左右多普勒模糊问题, 提出一种基于波达方向估计的前视多通道合成孔径雷达(forward-looking multi-channel SAR, FLMC-SAR)成像方法。算法综合利用系统空时资源, 采用空时级联的处理流程。首先通过合成孔径对前视区域进行初步成像, 在二维图像域实现逐个成像单元目标信号的分离。然后利用目标空域导向的差异, 建立分离信号的空时模型, 通过阵列多通道对每个成像单元内的信号进行波达方向估计, 实现目标信号重定位, 增强前视成像分辨率。同时, 空时模型考虑了模糊目标具备不同的导向矢量, 可在分辨增强的同时实现左右多普勒解模糊。最后通过仿真以及实测的FLMC-SAR数据验证了所提算法的有效性。

关键词: 合成孔径雷达, 前视成像, 左右多普勒模糊, 分辨增强, 波达方向估计

Abstract:

Aiming at the limited azimuth resolution and left-right Doppler ambiguity of forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (SAR), this paper proposes a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation based imaging algorithm for forward-looking multi-channel SAR (FLMC-SAR). The proposed algorithm comprehensively utilizes the system space-time resources and adopts the processing flow of space-time cascade. Firstly, the forward-looking area is preliminarily imaged through SAR, therefore the target signal of each imaging unit is separated in the two-dimensional image domain. Secondly, the space-time model of the separated signal is established by using the different spatial steering vector. The DOA estimation is performed on the signals in each imaging unit through the array multi-channel to realize the target signal relocation and enhance the forward-looking imaging resolution. Meanwhile, the space-time model takes into account the different steering vectors of the ambiguous target, which can realize the left-right Doppler ambiguity resolving and resolution enhancement. Finally, the simulation and real-data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Key words: synthetic aperture radar (SAR), forward-looking imaging, left-right Doppler ambiguity, resolution enhancement, direction of arrival (DOA) estimation

中图分类号:

TN95

王宁, 贺鹏超, 卢景月, 刘曦. 基于DOA估计的前视多通道SAR成像方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(8): 2471-2478.

Ning WANG, Pengchao HE, Jingyue LU, Xi LIU. DOA estimation based imaging method for multi-channel forward-looking SAR[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(8): 2471-2478.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
载频/GHz	28	脉冲重复频率/kHz	7
信号带宽/MHz	50	波束方位宽度/(°)	20
脉冲宽度/μs	1.4	场景中心斜距/m	8 000
采样带宽/MHz	60	阵列实孔径长度/m	0.4

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