波束与用户协同调度的低轨卫星资源优化及仿真系统设计

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.07.31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对低轨卫星跳波束系统灵活资源调度的需求，提出一种面向波束与用户协同调度的多维资源优化算法。以满足用户业务差异化需求为主旨，以时、频、空、能多维资源调度为手段，以“跳波束+5G 非地面网络（non-terrestrial networks, NTN）”为体制基础，将波束间面向多目标的大时空尺度资源分配与波束内面向用户服务质量（quality of service, QoS）的细颗粒度资源调度进行协同优化，分别构建多目标指数分布优化器与动态用户优先级函数进行优化求解。仿真结果表明，相较于传统算法，该算法能够有效满足用户的不同业务对时延、吞吐量的差异化QoS需求。同时设计了相应的仿真验证软件，具备可视化、可扩展性的优势，能够验证资源调度关键技术，实时展示资源利用情况与系统性能。

关键词: 低轨卫星, 跳波束, 多目标指数分布优化器, 资源调度

Abstract:

In order to meet the flexible resource scheduling requirements of the low Earth orbit satellite beam hopping system, a multidimensional resource optimization algorithm for collaborative scheduling of beams and users is proposed. In order to meet differentiated user service needs, this algorithm is based on the “beam hopping+5G non ground network (NTN)” system, utilizing multi-dimensional resource scheduling of time, frequency, space, and energy. It collaboratively optimizes large-scale spatiotemporal resource allocation between beams for multiple targets, and performs fine-grained resource scheduling within beams for user quality of service (QoS). Multi-objective index distribution optimizers and dynamic user priority functions are separately constructed for optimization and solution. The simulation results show that compared with traditional algorithms, this algorithm can effectively meet the differentiated QoS requirements of users for different services in terms of latency and throughput. At the same time, corresponding simulation verification software is designed, which has the advantages of visualization and scalability, and can verify key resource scheduling techniques, display resource utilization, and system performance in real time.

Key words: low Earth orbit satellites, beam hopping, multi-objective exponential distribution optimizer, resource scheduling

中图分类号:

TN 927

张晨, 胡凯丰, 张更新, 边东明. 波束与用户协同调度的低轨卫星资源优化及仿真系统设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(7): 2479-2491.

Chen ZHANG, Kaifeng HU, Gengxin ZHANG, Dongming BIAN. Resource optimization and simulation system design of low Earth orbit satellite for joint beam-user scheduling[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(7): 2479-2491.

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参数	时延敏感性业务	时延非敏感性业务
业务类型	语音业务、视频业务	数据业务
时延需求/ms	120	200
业务量占比/%	40	60
平均包大小/（bit/packet）	800	4 000
平均到达率/（packet/timeslot）	0.05~0.07	0.05~0.07

参数	设置
卫星轨道高度/km	550
波位半径/km	73
跳波束周期/ms	100
跳波束时隙长度/ms	1
工作频段/GHz	20
星上总带宽/MHz	90
卫星发射功率/W	110
用户数量	50
子载波间距/kHz	120
OFDM时隙长度/Ms	125
用户业务类型	时延敏感业务（如语音业务，视频业务）时延非敏感业务（如数据业务）
[$O({N^2}M)$，$O({N^2}M)$]	[0.4，0.6]

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