基于整数时延的宽带LFM信号最优自适应波束形成

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.03.02

Abstract

Abstract:

The multidimensional processing of the existing wideband beamforming methods makes the computational volume increase dramatically. To address this problem, a wideband optimal adaptive beamforming algorithm is proposed for wideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals that only requires integer time delay compensation without time domain weighting. By analyzing the signal form of the desired signal and the interference signal after integer time delay processing, the unified guiding vector expression and the direction map formula are derived, and based on the guiding vector expression, the frequency response consistency constraint is established for the desired signal to ensure the distortion-free output, and for the scenarios in which the interference plus noise covariance matrix cannot be obtained directly, the matrix reconstruction method is given, and the effect of sampling frequency on the performance of the algorithm is also analyzed. Compared with the conventional methods, this method is characterized by no preprocessing, no time-domain weighting, and better beamforming performance.

Key words: wideband, beamforming, adaptive, optimization weighting

CLC Number:

TN968.4

Shaojun YU, Julan XIE, Zishu HE, Huiyong LI. Optimal adaptive beamforming for wideband LFM signals based on integer time delay[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(3): 691-700.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

References 33

1	STEYSKAL H. Digital beamforming[C]//Proc. of the 18th European Microwave Conference, 1988: 49-57.
2	王泉祥, 党同心, 赵拥军. 现代雷达的特点及测试系统的发展方向[J]. 空间电子技术, 2005, 2 (2): 19- 23.
	WANG Q X , DANG T X , ZHAO Y J . Characteristics of mo-dern radar and development direction of test system[J]. Space Electronics, 2005, 2 (2): 19- 23.
3	DAN P S , JEFFREY O C . Optimal array pattern synthesis for broadband arrays[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2007, 122 (5): 2686- 2696. doi: 10.1121/1.2785037
4	DO-HONG T , RUSSER P . Signal processing for wideband smart antenna array applications[J]. Microwave Magazine IEEE, 2004, 5 (1): 57- 67. doi: 10.1109/MMW.2004.1284944
5	OHMORI S , YAMAO Y , NAKAJIMA N . The future generations of mobile communications based on broadband access methods[J]. Wireless Personal Communications, 2001, 17 (2/3): 175- 190. doi: 10.1023/A:1011248901400
6	LIU W , LANGLEY R J . An adaptive wideband beamforming structure with combined subband decomposition[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas & Propagation, 2009, 57 (7): 2204- 2207.
7	YAN S F . Broadband array processing[M]. Singapore: Springer, 2019.
8	HE Z Y , SHEN H , XU W , et al. Low-cost passive beamforming for RIS-aided wideband OFDM systems[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2022, 11 (2): 318- 322. doi: 10.1109/LWC.2021.3126852
9	LIU F L , DU R Y , WU J , et al. Multiple constrained l2-norm minimization algorithm for adaptive beamforming[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18 (15): 6311- 6318. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2848632
10	LIN Z , AN K , NIU H H , et al. Slnr-based secure energy efficient beamforming in multibeam satellite systems[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2023, 59 (2): 2085- 2088.
11	LIN Z , NIU H H , AN K , et al. Refracting ris-aided hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay networks: joint beamforming design and optimization[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2022, 58 (4): 3717- 3724. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2022.3155711
12	DU R Y , CHEN X D , QIN H , et al. CDCNN-CMR-SV algorithm for robust adaptive wideband beamforming[J]. Signal, Image and Video Processing, 2023, 17, 2137- 2143. doi: 10.1007/s11760-022-02428-4
13	ZHANG S R , GU Q , MA X F , et al. A data alternating extraction general structure and its algorithms for adaptive space-time wideband beamforming[J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2022, 126, 103478. doi: 10.1016/j.dsp.2022.103478
14	CHEN P , YANG Y X , WANG Y , et al. Robust covariance matrix reconstruction algorithm for time-domain wideband adaptive beamforming[J]. IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68 (2): 1405- 1416. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2885596
15	YU T, HANSEN J H L. Robust auto-focusing wideband bayesian beamforming[C]// Proc. of the Hands-Free Speech Communication and Microphone Arrays, 2015: 61-64.
16	HAMZA S A, AMIN M G. Sparse array DFT beamformers for wideband sources[C]// Proc. of the IEEE Radar Conference, 2019.
17	WARD D B , KENNEDY R A , WILLIAMSON R C . Theory and design of broadband sensor arrays with frequency invariant far-field beam patterns[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995, 97 (2): 1023- 1034. doi: 10.1121/1.412215
18	HAMZA S A , AMIN M G . Sparse array beamforming design for wideband signal models[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2021, 57 (2): 1211- 1226. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2020.3037409
19	LU J , YANG J , YAO Z C , et al. Robust wideband adaptive beamforming based on covariance matrix reconstruction in the spatial-frequency domain[J]. IET Microwaves, 2021, 15 (3): 309- 322.
20	WU X , LUO J , LI G W , et al. Fast wideband beamforming using convolutional neural network[J]. Remote Sensing, 2023, 15 (3): 712. doi: 10.3390/rs15030712
21	NORDHOLM S E , DAM H H , LAI C C , et al. Broadband beamforming and optimization[M]. London: Academic Press Library in Signal Processing, 2014, 3 553- 598.
22	FOREST O M Ⅲ . An algorithm for linearly constrained adaptive array processing[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1972, 60 (8): 926- 935. doi: 10.1109/PROC.1972.8817
23	LIU Y H , CHEN L Y , ZHU C H , et al. Efficient and accurate frequency-invariant beam pattern synthesis utilizing iterative spatiotemporal fourier transform[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68 (8): 6069- 6079. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2020.2986696
24	FENG L F , CUI G L , YU X X , et al. Wideband frequency invariant beamforming with dynamic range ratio constraints[J]. Signal Processing, 2021, 181, 107908. doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2020.107908
25	EBRAHIMI R , SEYDNEJAD S R . Elimination of pre-steering delays in space-time broadband beamforming using frequency domain constraints[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2013, 17 (4): 769- 772. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2013.022713.130090
26	EBRAHIMI R , SEYDNEJAD S R . Wideband Laguerre adaptive array with pre-steering constraints[J]. IET Signal Processing, 2015, 9 (7): 529- 536. doi: 10.1049/iet-spr.2014.0165
27	ZHANG S R , SHENG W X , HAN Y B , et al. A low-complexity Laguerre wideband beamformer[J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2018, 83, 35- 44.
28	ZHANG S R , GU Q , WU X , et al. Non-uniform decomposition method used for obtaining the frequency-constrained matrix of broadband Laguerre beamforming[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2022, 11 (7): 1359- 1363.
29	XIE J L , HE Z S , RAO S Y , et al. Digital adaptive wideband beamforming without pre-steering delay processing[J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2023, 132, 103813.
30	GAO Y , JIANG D F , LIU M . Wideband transmit beamforming using integer-time-delayed and phase-shifted waveforms[J]. Electronics Letters, 2017, 53 (6): 376- 378.
31	LIU Q H , CUI G L , LIU R T , et al. Wideband beampattern synthesis using single digital beamformer with integer time delay filters[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 70 (5): 3437- 3449.
32	胡邸安. 宽带相控阵自适应波束形成[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2019.
	HU D A. Wideband phased array adaptive beamforming[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2019.
33	EBRAHIMI R , SEYDNEJAD S R . Elimination of pre steering delays in space time wideband beamforming using frequency domain constraints[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2013, 17 (4): 769- 772.

[1]	Yijia SONG, Haiyan WANG, Wei FENG, Yinghui QUAN. An aligned subspace adaptive ensemble algorithm based on hyperspectral cross-scene transfer learning [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(2): 369-375.
[2]	Yunlei ZHANG, Liguo LIU, Pei PENG, Tingli SHEN, Houpu LI. Co-located MIMO radar waveform design based on multi-target robust STAP [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(2): 442-450.
[3]	Dawang WANG, Zhifeng LU, Guohua WU. Research on resource scheduling of fire control radar networking based on adaptive variable neighborhood search [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(2): 496-507.
[4]	Jiale LI, Qilin ZHONG, Jie XIAO, Guofei LI. Adaptive fixed-time formation control for multi-agent system [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(2): 600-607.
[5]	Zhikang JI, Zinan ZHOU, Xuanpeng LI. Self-constrained search density based clustering algorithm for radar signal sorting [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(1): 62-69.
[6]	Qin LEI, Yanbing GAO, Yufeng ZHOU, Zhibin WU. Multi-delivery option path planning based on improved ALNS algorithm [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(1): 173-181.
[7]	Lei WANG, Xiang GAO, Xiaoxiao HU. Beamforming method based on sparse Bayesian inference in LDACS [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(1): 332-339.
[8]	Yalong WANG, Jiaheng WANG, Jun LI, qin HE, Zishu HE. Direct data domain STAP method via joint-sparse characteristic of clutter and noise [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(9): 2980-2987.
[9]	Quanyang BI, Dan LI, Jianqiu ZHANG. Robust beamforming method for multi-dimensional array tensor models [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(7): 2175-2183.
[10]	Wenlong LU, Dan LI, Quanyang BI, Jianqiu ZHANG. A robust adaptive beamformer with non-smoothing coherent interference [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(5): 1467-1476.
[11]	Yuanhao WANG, Hongqiang WANG, Xinghua LIU, Yang ZENG, Qi YANG. Research on coherent synthesis efficiency and coherent depth of field of distributed coherent aperture radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(5): 1573-1582.
[12]	Liang LI, Yang HUANG, Guanghu JIN, Zhen DONG, Feng HE, Mulan ZOU. Time and chirp rate synchronization method of bistatic wideband imaging radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(4): 1193-1203.
[13]	Zikang SHAO, Xiaoling ZHANG, Tianwen ZHANG, Tianjiao ZENG. SAR ship detection based on adaptive anchor and multi-scale enhancement [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(4): 1204-1211.
[14]	Sheng GAO, Hailong ZHANG, Wei ZHANG, Weiguo KONG. Robust fault diagnosis for space robot manipulator based on adaptive super-twisting observer [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(4): 1287-1296.
[15]	Ruiyu BU, Biao WANG, Hongcheng LI, Chaoying TANG, Rinan ZHU. Design of trajectory tracking model predictive control scheme in terrain following [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(4): 1383-1392.

Optimal adaptive beamforming for wideband LFM signals based on integer time delay

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 33

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments