无人机集群协同探测距离解模糊方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2022.02.16

Abstract

Abstract:

Compared with traditional monostatic airborne radar, distributed cooperative detection using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms has many advantages such as wider detection range, higher detection accuracy and more flexible array arrangement. Consequently, it is one of the important directions for the development of airborne warning radar systems in the future. As UAV swarms radar array has a large size and ultra-sparse aperture, its echo is approximately spherical and has the strong near-field effect. In this paper, the space-time signal model of UAV swarms sparse array under the near-field condition is firstly derived. Then a novel method for resolving range ambiguity is proposed, which is based on the near-field characteristics of the target echo. For each range bin, the proposed method calculates multiple space-time weight coefficients for clutter suppression and target matching, in which the difference of the target echoes within different ambiguous ranges is utilized. And the actual range ambiguous number of the target can be resolved via comparing the target power of all the filtering results. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm, cooperative detection, space-time adaptive processing (STAP), near-field effect, resolving range ambiguity

CLC Number:

TN957.52

Xingjia YANG, Keqing DUAN, Xiang LI, Wei QI. Resolving range ambiguity for cooperative detection using UAV swarms[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(2): 480-489.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 1

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

References 31

1	侯进永, 刘传文. 无人机集群协同作战发展现状及关键技术分析[J]. 现代雷达, 2020, 42 (6): 30- 40.
	HOU J Y , LIU C W . Development situation and key technology analysis of cooperative combat for unmanned aerial vehicle swarm[J]. Modern Radar, 2020, 42 (6): 30- 40.
2	贾高伟, 王建峰. 无人机集群任务规划方法研究综述[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43 (1): 99- 111.
	JIA G W , WANG J F . Research review of UAV swarm mission planning method[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43 (1): 99- 111.
3	党爱国, 王坤, 王延密, 等. 无人机集群作战概念发展对未来战场攻防影响[J]. 战术导弹技术, 2019, (1): 37- 41.
	DANG A G , WANG K , WANG Y M , et al. The impact of UAVs swarming fighting concept development on attack and defense in future battle field[J]. Tactical Missile Technology, 2019, (1): 37- 41.
4	ZHOU Y K , RAO B , WANG W . UAV swarm intelligence: recent advances and future trends[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8, 183856- 183878. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3028865
5	KATO N , FADLULLAH Z M , TANG F X , et al. Optimizing space-air-ground integrated networks by artificial intelligence[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2019, 26 (4): 140- 147. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2018.1800365
6	HONG L , GUO H Z , LIU J J , et al. Toward swarm coordination: topology-aware inter-UAV routing optimization[J]. IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69 (9): 10177- 10187. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3003356
7	YANG D C , WU Q Q , ZENG Y , et al. Energy trade-off in ground-to-UAV communication via trajectory design[J]. IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology, 2018, 67 (7): 6721- 6726. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2816244
8	CHEN X , FENG Z Y , WEI Z Q , et al. Performance of joint sensing-communication cooperative sensing UAV network[J]. IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69 (12): 15545- 15556. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3042466
9	ANDERSON B, ELLINGSON J, EYLER M, et al. Networked radar systems for cooperative tracking of UAVs[C]//Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2019: 909-915.
10	ZHANG X , DUAN L J . Energy-saving deployment algorithms of UAV swarm for sustainable wireless coverage[J]. IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69 (9): 10320- 10335. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3004855
11	BRENNAN L E , REED L S . Theory of adaptive radar[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2007, 9 (2): 237- 252.
12	STINSON G W. 机载雷达导论[M]. 吴汉平译. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005.
	STINSON G W. Overview of airborne radar[M]. WU H P trans. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2005.
13	HOVANESSIAN S A . An algorithm for calculation of range in a multiple PRF radar[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1976, 12 (2): 287- 290.
14	GERLACH K , ANDREWS G A . Cascaded detector for multiple high-PRF pulse Doppler radars[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1990, 26 (5): 754- 767. doi: 10.1109/7.102711
15	TRUNK G, BROCKETT S. Range and velocity ambiguity resolution[C]//Proc. of the IEEE National Radar Conference, 1993: 146-149.
16	曹成虎, 赵永波, 庞晓娇, 等. 基于中国余数定理的目标距离估计算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41 (12): 2717- 2722.
	CAO C H , ZHAO Y B , PANG X J , et al. Method based on Chinese remainder theorem for range estimation of the target[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41 (12): 2717- 2722.
17	LEVANON N . Mitigating range ambiguity in high PRF radar using inter-pulse binary coding[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2009, 45 (2): 687- 697. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2009.5089550
18	许京伟, 廖桂生. 前视阵FDA-STAP雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2015, 4 (4): 386- 392.
	XU J W , LIAO G S . Range-ambiguous clutter suppression for forward-looking frequency diverse array space-time adaptive processing radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2015, 4 (4): 386- 392.
19	王成浩, 廖桂生, 许京伟. FDA-SAR高分辨宽测绘带成像距离解模糊方法[J]. 电子学报, 2017, 45 (9): 2085- 2091. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2017.09.005
	WANG C H , LIAO G S , XU J W . Range-ambiguity resolving method for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging with FDA-SAR[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2017, 45 (9): 2085- 2091. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2017.09.005
20	XU J W , ZHANG Y B , LIAO G S , et al. Resolving range ambiguity via multiple-input multiple-output radar with element-pulse coding[J]. IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing, 2020, 68, 2770- 2783. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2020.2988371
21	徐义正, 廖桂生, 许京伟, 等. 前视阵FDA-MIMO雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40 (12): 2662- 2667. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.12.07
	XU Y Z , LIAO G S , XU J W , et al. Range-ambiguous clutter suppression based on forward-looking FDA-MIMO radar[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 40 (12): 2662- 2667. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.12.07
22	DURR A , SCHNEELE B , SCHWARZ D , et al. Range-angle couplingand near-field effects of very large arrays in mm-wave imaging radars[J]. IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2021, 69 (1): 262- 270. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3022938
23	ABHAYAPALA T D. Modal analysis and synthesis of broad band nearfield beamforming arrays[D]. Canberra: Australian National University, 1999.
24	WARD J. Space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar[R]. Lexington: Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, 1994.
25	KLEMM R . Introduction to space-time adaptive processing[J]. Electronics and Communications Engineering Journal, 1999, 11 (1): 5- 12. doi: 10.1049/ecej:19990102
26	WANG H, PARK H R, WICKS M C. Recent results in space-time processing[C]//Proc. of the IEEE National Radar Confe-rence, 1994: 104-109.
27	PELL C . Phased-array radars[J]. IEE Review, 1988, 34 (9): 363- 367. doi: 10.1049/ir:19880149
28	宋嘉奇, 陶海红. 一种稀布阵列天线的近场波束综合算法[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2018, 45 (6): 14- 18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2018.06.003
	SONG J Q , TAO H H . Near-field beam synthesis algorithm for sparse array antennas[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2018, 45 (6): 14- 18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2018.06.003
29	KLEMM R. Prospectives in STAP research[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, 2000: 7-11.
30	ROBERT C D. Extended factored space-time processing for airborne radar systems[C]//Proc. of the Conference Record of the 26th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, 1992: 425-430.
31	TONG Y L , WANG T , WU J . Improving EFA-STAP performance using persymmetric covariance matrix estimation[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, 51 (2): 924- 936. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2015.130264

仿真参数	数值
无人机数量/架	6
无人机间隔/m	100
无人机高度/m	8 000
无人机速度/(m/s)	200
单架无人机天线方位向阵元数	4
单架无人机天线俯仰向阵元数	16
相干脉冲数	24
最大探测距离/km	200
脉冲重复频率/Hz	4 000
波长/m	0.2
采样率/MHz	2
主波束方位角/(°)	90
主波束俯仰角/(°)	-3
信杂噪比/dB	60

[1]	Hai LI, Weijie CHENG, Ruijie XIE. Wind speed estimation of low-altitude wind-shear based on homotopy sparse STAP [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(4): 1174-1181.
[2]	Xuping GU, Daquan TANG. Hierarchical cooperative navigation of UAV swarm based on federated filtering algorithm [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(3): 967-976.
[3]	Xiaowei FU, Jing PAN. Distributed formation control of UAV swarm with dynamic obstacle avoidance [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(2): 529-537.
[4]	Xiaozhou CHEN, Qingjun XING, Lidong ZHANG. Slow-time-frequency-modulation jamming method forSTAP airborne early-warning radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(11): 3177-3184.
[5]	Xiaowei FU, Zihao CHEN. Design of control method for multi-UAV cooperative detection of fast target [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(11): 3295-3304.
[6]	Yanhui ZHAO, Jianlong TANG, Jiyang LI, Luhao BI. Analysis of time-delay aliasing transmission jamming method for reduced dimension STAP airborne radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(8): 1718-1725.
[7]	Yang ZHANG, Guangya SI, Yanzheng WANG. Simulation of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm electromagnetic operation concept [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(7): 1510-1518.
[8]	Mingming TIAN, Guisheng LIAO, Yunpeng LI, Shengqi ZHU. Clutter properties and suppression method of hypersonic platform radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(2): 301-308.
[9]	ZHANG Yang, SI Guangya, WANG Yanzheng. Modeling of cooperative target allocation of the UAV swarm cyberspace attack action [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(9): 2025-2033.
[10]	PANG Xiaojiao, ZHAO Yongbo, CAO Chenghu, XU Baoqing, CHEN Sheng. Space-time processing method with temporal adaptive FIR filters [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(12): 2669-2674.
[11]	GAO Yang, LI Dongsheng. Swarm situation perception consensus evaluation via intervalnumber Heronian operators with variable weights [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(1): 89-95.
[12]	LI Zhihui, ZHANG Yongshun, GAO Qian, GUO Yiduo, WANG Qiang, LIU Yang. Off-grid STAP algorithm based on local search orthogonal matching pursuit [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 40(6): 1221-1226.
[13]	FENG Yang, LIAO Guisheng, XU Jingwei. Robust STAP method for supper-low-attitude target detection with airborne radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2017, 39(7): 1464-1470.
[14]	XU Xue-fei, LIAO Gui-sheng, XU Jing-wei. Data domain compensation for STAP with maneuvering platform [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2016, 38(6): 1221-1227.
[15]	GAO Zhi-qi, TAO Hai-hong, ZHAO Ji-chao. Robust spacetime adaptive processing based on S transform for airborne radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2016, 38(6): 1268-1275.

Resolving range ambiguity for cooperative detection using UAV swarms

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 31

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments