双IRS辅助太赫兹大规模MIMO系统的宽带信道估计方案

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.01.32

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在太赫兹（terahertz, THz）大规模多输入多输出（multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO）系统中部署双智能反射面（intelligent reflecting surface, IRS）能够带来更高的波束增益，为应对THz信道的严重路径损耗提供了一种有效的解决方案。针对双IRS辅助THz大规模MIMO系统的信道估计问题，提出一种基于宽带字典的低复杂度、低导频开销的信道估计方案。首先，构建了与子载波频率相关的宽带字典。然后，基于信道的稀疏结构针对IRS的反射链路进行角度估计，获得级联信道中基站和IRS的角度信息。最后，根据角度估计结果进行宽带字典矩阵压缩，并基于正交匹配追踪算法完成多用户的宽带级联信道估计。仿真结果表明，所提出的信道估计方案能够在保证信道估计精度的前提下，有效地减少导频开销并降低了25%的计算复杂度。

关键词: 智能反射面, 太赫兹, 大规模多输入多输出, 宽带信道估计

Abstract:

The deployment of double intelligent reflecting surfaces （IRS） in terahertz （THz） massive multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） systems can lead to higher beamforming gains, providing an effective solution to address the severe path loss in THz channels. In response to the channel estimation problem of double IRS-assisted THz massive MIMO systems, a low-complexity, low-pilot-overhead channel estimation scheme based on a broadband dictionary is proposed. Firstly, a wideband dictionary correlated with subcarrier frequencies is constructed. Then, based on the sparse structure of the channel, angle estimation is performed for the reflective links of the IRS, obtaining angle information between the base station and IRS in the cascaded channel. Finally, the wideband dictionary matrix compression is conducted based on angle estimation results, and multi-user wideband cascaded channel estimation is accomplished using the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme effectively reduces pilot overhead and lowers computational complexity by 25%, while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation.

Key words: intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), terahertz, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), wideband channel estimation

中图分类号:

TN 929.5

梁彦, 李宝龙, 魏浩章, 李飞. 双IRS辅助太赫兹大规模MIMO系统的宽带信道估计方案[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(1): 361-371.

Yan LIANG, Baolong LI, Haozhang WEI, Fei LI. Double IRS-assisted wideband channel estimation scheme for terahertz massive MIMO systems[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(1): 361-371.

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参数	参数值
IRS₂-BS，IRS₁-BS，IRS₁- IRS₂，UE- IRS₂，UE-IRS₁间距/m	10，45，45，45，10
IRS子表面数$ {N_1} $，$ {N_2} $	$ 25 $
子表面反射单元数	25
距离为1 m时的路径损耗$ {\gamma _0} $/dB	−30
路径损耗指数$ \xi $	2.2/2.8
载波频率/GHz	100
BS天线数	256
子载波总个数	64
路径数${L_1}$，${L_2}$，${L_3}$，${L_4}$，${L_5}$	3

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