基于UAF的装备作战试验指标体系构建方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.05.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作战试验重点评估置于作战体系中的待验装备对于使命任务的满足程度, 作战试验的指标应当与使命任务、战场环境、预期效果等作战试验体系要素密切关联。由于评估指标构建的不合理, 当前部分装备的作战试验实际上仅相当于在极端特殊环境下的性能试验。为此, 首先分析与作战试验指标相关的因素, 提出作战试验元任务的概念对其进行整合。然后, 利用统一架构框架(unified architecture framework, UAF)开展作战试验体系结构多视图建模, 将体系顶层使命任务分解为多个元任务。最后, 通过元任务映射得到作战试验指标。无人机侦察作战试验指标构建示例说明方法的可行性。对比现有方法, 所提方法能够建立指标与试验要素之间的映射关系, 元任务牵引的方式更加符合作战试验的内涵, 与多种试验要素相关联的指标更加符合实际使用需求。

关键词: 装备作战试验, 指标体系, 统一架构框架, 无人机

Abstract:

Operational test focuses on evaluating the satisfaction degree of the equipment to be tested in the combat systems for the mission tasks. The indicators of the operational test should be closely related to the missions, battlefield environment, desired effects and other elements. Due to the unreasonable construction of evaluation indicators, the current operational test of some equipment are actually only equivalent to the performance test in extreme special environment. Therefore, this paper firstly analyzes the factors related to the operational test indicators, and puts forward the concept of operational test meta-task to integrate them. Then, the unified architecture framework (UAF) is used to carry out the multi-view modeling of operational test architecture, and the top-level mission task of the systems is decomposed into multiple meta-tasks. Finally, the operational test indicators are obtained by meta-task mapping. An example of unmanned aerial vehicle reconnaissance operational test indicators construction shows the feasibility of the method. Compared with the existing methods, the method proposed in this paper can establish the mapping relationship between the indicators and test elements. The way of meta-task traction is more in line with the connotation of operational test, and the indicators associated with various test elements are more in line with the actual needs.

Key words: equipment operational test, indicator system, unified architecture framework (UAF), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

中图分类号:

E252

崔瑞靖, 孙建彬, 杨克巍, 李明浩. 基于UAF的装备作战试验指标体系构建方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(5): 1536-1550.

Ruijing CUI, Jianbin SUN, GKewei YAN, Minghao LI. Construction method of equipment operational test indicator system based on UAF[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(5): 1536-1550.

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UAF模型(DoDAF模型)	模型名称	模型要素	含义描述	实现形式
Sm-Ov(AV-1, OV-1a)	摘要概述信息模型	使命任务、作战节点等信息	概括描述体系边界, 试验概念	作战示意概念图
Rq (—)	需求图	体系需求、体系能力、标准作战活动、要素间的关系模型	作战试验体系需求, 使命任务	SysML块定义图
Pm-En (—)	参数环境模型	战场环境、环境参数条件、战场地理位置	描述作战试验体系战场环境	SysML块定义图
En-Pf (—)	战场环境剖面图	环境参数、任务段划分、环境类别	分解描述任务执行剖面过程中的战场环境	二维平面坐标图
Op-Cn(OV-3, OV-6)	作战节点连接图	作战节点、节点之间的信息交互模型	作战节点之间资源交换的需求和信息的流向	SysML块定义图
Op-Pr (OV-5)	作战活动图	试验活动、甬道及对应的作战节点、活动之间的关系模型	描述体系活动及输入输出关系	SysML活动图
Rs-Tx (SV-1, SV-2)	资源分类图	系统/子系统、节点、要素之间的层级关系模型	描述系统/子系统等实体资源间的关系	SysML块定义图
St-Tx(CV2)	能力分类视图	体系层能力、任务层能力、能力之间的泛化关系模型	描述能力之间分类关系, 体系能力的细分	SysML块定义图
Op-Tr (—)	作战活动到能力的追溯	能力、作战活动、能力到作战活动之间的映射关系模型	描述能力到作战活动映射	SysML块定义图

名称	作战节点	预期效果	参数环境	驱动能力
作战区域覆盖搜素Mt₁	无人机(飞行导航系统、任务载荷系统)	任务区域搜索全覆盖	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁	任务全域搜索能力
水面目标识别Mt₂	无人机(任务载荷系统)	识别发现红蓝目标	蓝方电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁、蓝方伪装	水面目标识别能力
目标定位Mt₃	无人机(任务载荷系统)	获取目标位置坐标	蓝方电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁、风况海浪	目标定位能力
持续跟踪Mt₄	无人机(飞行导航系统、任务载荷系统)	持续跟踪目标	蓝方电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁、风况海浪	目标捕捉能力
态势信息收集Mt₅	无人机(任务载荷系统)	收集到蓝方目标的态势信息	蓝方电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁、风况海浪	战略情报获取能力
情报信息回传Mt₆	无人机(机载测控链路系统)	回传情报成功	蓝方电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁	信息传输能力

元任务	度量指标	参数环境	指标所属效能
Mt₁	任务域搜索覆盖率	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁	搜索效能
Mt₂	目标发现时间发现概率	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁、蓝方伪装	侦察效能
Mt₃	目标定位精度	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁	侦察效能
Mt₄	目标跟踪丢失率最大持续侦察时间	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁、蓝方航迹变化	侦察效能
Mt₅	情报收集回传时延	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁、蓝方航迹变化	情报处理效能
Mt₆	侦察图像显示质量	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁	通信效能
Mt_i(i=1, 2, …, 6)	任务完成率	电磁攻击环境、蓝方火力威胁	反干扰效能
Mt_i(i=1, 2, …, 6)	规避蓝方威胁生存率	蓝方火力威胁、电磁攻击环境	生存效能

子任务	环境参数	作战环境适用性指标
Mt_i(i=1, 2, …, 6)	电磁攻击环境	不同电磁攻击环境下无人机维持可用的程度
Mt_i(i=1, 2, …, 6)	蓝方火力威胁	蓝方火力打击情况下的任务成功率

子任务	节点	体系适用性指标
Mt_i(i=1, 2, …, 6)	——	可入网的作战体系数量
Mt_i(i=1, 2, …, 6)	Op-Cn	无人机侦察作战试验体系贡献率