低信噪比多径下多天线联合时间同步算法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.02.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在低信噪比环境中，为使通信系统确定信号起始位置，完成后续信号处理，对系统时间同步性能提出了更高的要求。而多天线技术能够获得分集增益和阵列增益，改善低信噪比环境中的系统性能。基于此，提出了一种多径低信噪比下，基于多接收天线相干与非相干联合处理的时间同步算法，每根接收天线实施相干合并，获得相干合并增益，然后在天线间实施非相干合并，消除天线间相位不同问题，获得多接收天线增益。最后对不同条件下算法有效性进行了仿真验证，包括与单天线的同步性能对比、判决门限对同步性能影响、不同多径数目对同步性能影响、信道相关性对同步性能影响。仿真结果表明，所提算法的同步性能显著优于单天线系统。在16发16收的多输入多输出系统，信噪比为?39 dB时，时间同步算法的正确概率接近100%，可在多径低信噪比下实现高精度时间同步。

关键词: 时间同步, 低信噪比, 多天线, 多输入多输出

Abstract:

In the low signal to noise ratio environment, in order to enable the communication system to determine the starting position of the signal and complete the subsequent signal processing, higher requirements have been put forward for the time synchronization performance of the system. And the multiple antenna technique can obtain diversity gain and array gain to improve the system performance in low signal to noise ratio environment. Based on this, a time synchronization algorithm based on coherent and incoherent joint processing of multiple receive antennas with multipath and low signal to noise ratio is proposed, where each receive antenna implements coherent merging to obtain coherent merging gain, and then incoherent merging is implemented between the antennas to eliminate the problem of phase difference between antennas, and to obtain multi-receive antenna gain. The effectiveness of the algorithm under different conditions is simulated and verified, including the comparison of synchronization performance with single antenna, the effect of judgment threshold on synchronization performance, the effect of different number of multipaths on synchronization performance, and the effect of channel correlation on synchronization performance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the single-antenna system. For a multiple input multiple output system with 16 sending and 16 receiving, the probability of correct time synchronization algorithm approaches 100% at a signal to noise ratio of ?39 dB, achieving high-precision time synchronization in multipath, low signal to noise ratio environments.

Key words: time synchronization, low signal to noise ratio, multi-antenna, multiple input multiple output

中图分类号:

TN 911

羿昌宇. 低信噪比多径下多天线联合时间同步算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(2): 705-710.

Changyu YI. Joint time synchronization algorithm for multiple antennas with low signal to noise ratio and multipath[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(2): 705-710.

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参数	数值
路径时延/s	$ \left[ {0,{\text{ }}0.35,{\text{ }}1.2,{\text{ }}1.6,{\text{ 4}}{\text{.8}},{\text{ }}6.3} \right] \times {10^{ - 6}} $
路径增益/dB	[−7.8486,−5.2914,−8.3129,−10.2687,−7.3283,−9.3327]

参数	数值
信号的采样率/MHz	0.6144
Chu序列的总个数	52
Chu序列的长度	1024
FFT点数	1024
信道类型	瑞利信道、高斯信道
收发天线数	16发16收
仿真数据量/帧	3000

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