

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 3799-3810.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.11.12
周青松1(
), 钱佳龙2,3, 李宁1, 李志汇1, 黄超1(
)
收稿日期:2025-09-26
修回日期:2026-02-07
接受日期:2026-04-07
出版日期:2026-10-25
发布日期:2026-05-29
通讯作者:
黄超
E-mail:zhouqingsong17@nudt.edu.cn;18226658179@163.com
作者简介:周青松(1982—),男,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为凸优化理论、稀疏理论基金资助:
Qingsong Zhou1(
), Jialong Qian2,3, Ning Li1, Zhihui Li1, Chao Huang1(
)
Received:2025-09-26
Revised:2026-02-07
Accepted:2026-04-07
Online:2026-10-25
Published:2026-05-29
Contact:
Chao Huang
E-mail:zhouqingsong17@nudt.edu.cn;18226658179@163.com
摘要:
多功能雷达(multi-functional radar, MFR)具有响应速度快、波束控制灵活、抗干扰能力强等优点,通过多维参数调节可实现搜索、跟踪、识别、制导等多种功能,这对干扰机的干扰决策提出巨大挑战。为有效应对MFR的智能化和多功能化,作为雷达对抗方,深入研究对MFR的智能干扰决策技术具有重要意义。首先,介绍几种传统的基于先验知识的雷达干扰决策技术,并指出其在对抗MFR时面临的不足。随后,从完成不同任务的角度出发,详细介绍智能干扰决策技术在干扰样式决策、干扰参数优化和干扰资源分配方面的应用。将强化学习与雷达干扰决策技术相结合,有助于克服传统干扰决策方法过度依赖先验知识的局限性,使系统能够学习MFR的内部行为规律,并在复杂电磁环境中不断更新干扰策略。最后,展望MFR智能干扰决策技术的发展趋势,强调随着人工智能和机器学习的进步,未来的干扰决策系统将更加智能化、自动化,为下一代智能干扰机的研制提供坚实的理论基础。
中图分类号:
周青松, 钱佳龙, 李宁, 李志汇, 黄超. 多功能雷达干扰决策技术研究进展[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(11): 3799-3810.
Qingsong Zhou, Jialong Qian, Ning Li, Zhihui Li, Chao Huang. Research progress on multi-functional radar jamming decision technology[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(11): 3799-3810.
表3
智能干扰样式决策方法对比"
| 决策方法 | 核心改进 |
| 原始QL算法 | 引入CEW框架,优化智能 干扰决策流程 |
| 基于最大期望加权估计的 干扰决策方法 | 结合最大期望加权估计与时间漂移方法, 适应快速变化的雷达策略 |
| 改进QL算法 (模拟退火+梯度下降) | 通过Metropolis准则增强探索, 梯度下降加速收敛 |
| Dyna-Q算法 | 采用规划步数自适应Dyna-Q来 提升样本利用率 |
| 基于先验知识的QL算法 | 通过先验知识设计收益函数, 缩短训练时间 |
| 启发式规划QL算法 | 利用势能函数构造奖励函数, 避免局部最优 |
| 混合改进算法 (蚁群+QL/双层强化学习) | 融合启发式算法或分层框架, 提升复杂场景适应性 |
| DQN算法 | 提升大规模状态空间情况下的决策 实时性与准确率 |
| DDQN算法 | 减少Q值过估计,提升干扰策略稳定性 |
| D3QN算法 | 分离值函数与优势函数,增强对 未知雷达模式的认知 |
| A2C算法 | 策略梯度与值函数结合,兼具策略 探索与利用优势 |
| A3C算法 | 多线程异步训练,决策时间减少超过70% |
| SAC算法 | 引入环境建模与负激活Relu, 提升参数利用率与干扰适应性 |
表4
单一干扰参数优化方法对比"
| 参数优化类型 | 算法 | 方法特性 | 优化目标 |
| 间歇采样转发 干扰参数优化 | QL算法 | 结合QL算法与“切割”假设法,自适应调整 采样时间和转发时间 | 提高干扰信号与雷达信号的匹配度 |
| 非均匀间歇采样 干扰参数优化 | 双层强化学习 (QL算法+DQN算法) | 外层QL算法选择干扰参数范围,内层DQN算法优化 采样时间和转发次数 | 降低脉压后干扰信号幅度的标准差与 均值的比值 |
| 对抗频率捷变雷达 干扰参数优化 | QL算法 | 结合QL算法优化频率和脉冲宽度,以干信比和 功率消耗为评估指标 | 提高干信比,减少干扰资源消耗 |
| PPO算法 | 利用PPO算法结合拦截、发射、评估 奖励函数优化频率选择 | 提升对抗场景下的频率自适应能力 | |
| 对抗脉内频率捷变雷达 干扰参数优化 | GA-Dueling DQN算法 | 结合注意力机制与强化学习,学习 雷达频率变化规律 | 提高干信比,抑制脉内频率捷变雷达的干扰 |
表5
干扰样式与参数联合优化方法对比"
| 决策方法 | 核心算法 | 方法特性 | 优化目标 |
| 分层强化学习 | Dual QL算法 | 分解动作空间为样式和参数子空间, 构建两层交互式QL模型 | 最小化雷达威胁等级,实现样式和 时频域参数联合优化 |
| QL算法+DDPG算法 | 外层QL优化干扰样式,内层DDPG优化连续脉冲参数, 结合AHP-TOPSIS评估效果 | 同步优化样式和参数,提升干扰 效率和资源利用率 | |
| QL算法+JBSD算法 | 采用QL算法优化干扰样式,JBSD算法优化干扰参数 | ||
| 混合动作空间处理 | PDQN算法,HPPO算法 | 使用混合动作空间强化学习算法并行输出离散的 干扰样式和连续的干扰参数 | 提高混合动作空间的决策 稳定性和训练速度 |
| 干扰参数离散化处理 | 启发式QL算法、D3QN算法 | 离散化干扰参数与样式组合,采用D3QN或启发式QL算法 | 在统一优化框架下实现干扰 样式与参数联合优化 |
表6
干扰资源分配方法对比"
| 干扰资源分配方法 | 分配目标 |
| QL、DDQN、DQN、结合先验知识的DQN算法 | 根据突防航距和雷达状态动态选择干扰目标及样式,提升突防效能 |
| 基于优先级经验重放的DDQN算法 | 克服数据相关性,减少迭代次数,提高干扰决策效率 |
| 改进QL算法 | 以组网雷达威胁程度最小化为指标,实现干扰目标与样式的在线分配 |
| 状态预测网络结合SAC算法 | 解决多无人机突防时的价值评估偏差,提升干扰策略训练稳定性 |
| 改进DDQN算法(和树结构+HRL) | 针对频率捷变雷达,动态分配干扰任务与参数,优化频域协同干扰效能 |
| PPO算法 | 联合优化干扰机编队航路点与功率分配,以突防任务完成度和突防距离为收益 |
| SP-HASAC算法 | 通过软参数共享机制提高训练效率,同时保留各智能体的独立决策能力 |
| 分层仿生强化学习算法 | 联合优化干扰任务与功率分配,适应组网雷达检测融合动态特性,缩短决策时间 |
| 进化强化学习算法 | 引入进化算法的种群优选机制辅助策略搜索,有效避免多机协同训练陷入局部最优 |
| MADDPG、LSTM-DDPG算法 | 针对雷达搜索/跟踪状态,分别设计协同干扰策略与航迹欺骗策略 |
| QMIX算法 | 针对值分解问题,通过混合网络拟合联合Q值函数,通过最大化局部Q值实现协作场景的全局最优 |
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