海面雷达散射及其杂波幅度统计特性的空间遍历性数值仿真研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.12.10

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 3806-3818.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.12.10

• 传感器与信号处理 • 上一篇

海面雷达散射及其杂波幅度统计特性的空间遍历性数值仿真研究

杜延磊¹, 杨晓峰¹^,*, 汪胜¹, 殷君君², 杨会章³, 杨健³

1. 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院, 北京 100101
2. 北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院, 北京 100083
3. 清华大学电子工程系, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2022-04-09 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-05
通讯作者: 杨晓峰
作者简介:杜延磊(1991—), 男, 副研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为计算电磁学、海洋微波遥感、极化合成孔径雷达成像与应用
杨晓峰(1982—), 男, 研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为海洋微波遥感
汪胜(1994—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为海洋微波遥感
殷君君(1983—), 女, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为雷达极化应用的基础理论、极化合成孔径雷达图像解译与目标检测
杨会章(1991—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为极化合成孔径雷达成像与应用
杨健(1965—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为极化雷达理论与应用、数学建模与模糊集理论
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42206180);国家自然科学基金(62171023);国家自然科学基金(62222102);遥感科学国家重点实验室开放基金(OFSLRSS202009)

Numerical investigation on the spatial ergodicity of ocean radar scattering and sea clutter amplitude statistical characteristics

Yanlei DU¹, Xiaofeng YANG¹^,*, Sheng WANG¹, Junjun YIN², Huizhang YANG³, Jian YANG³

1. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3. Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2022-04-09 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-05
Contact: Xiaofeng YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海面雷达散射的空间遍历性是开展海面散射数值仿真以及分析不同体制雷达系统在海洋遥感应用中算法适用性的重要基础之一。针对随机粗糙海面雷达散射及其杂波幅度统计特性的空间遍历性问题，基于Monte Carlo方法构建包含全部大尺度波浪的粗糙海面模型，利用高精度的全波数值(multilevel steepest decent-sparse matrix canonical grid, MLSD-SMCG)方法以及二阶小斜率近似(2nd-order small slope approximation, SSA-2)模型, 分别对不同雷达照射尺寸的一维和二维粗糙海面L波段归一化雷达散射系数及海杂波进行仿真，并对海面雷达散射和海杂波幅度分布的空间遍历性进行分析。仿真结果表明：在无海面遮挡效应的雷达入射和散射角度范围内，雷达照射尺寸大于16λ(入射波波长)粗糙海面的同极化归一化雷达散射系数, 具有良好的空间遍历性；当雷达照射海面尺寸不小于对应海况下最大风浪尺度的25%时，海面交叉极化的归一化雷达后向散射系数也表现出空间遍历性。相比海面散射的归一化雷达散射系数，单站海杂波幅度分布在高海况条件下空间遍历性减弱。同极化海杂波幅度分布随着入射角增大, 表现出更显著的空间遍历性，而交叉极化情况则相反。

关键词: 海面雷达散射, 空间遍历性, 海杂波, Mellin类统计量, 全波数值仿真

Abstract:

The spatial ergodicity of sea surface radar scattering is one of the important foundations for conducting numerical simulations of sea surface scattering and analyzing the applicability of algorithms for different radar systems in ocean remote sensing applications. This paper numerically investigates the spatial ergodicity of radar scattering from randomly rough ocean surface and its clutter amplitude statistical characteristics. The rough sea surface models including all large-scale waves are firstly generated using the Monte Carlo method. Then, based on the accurate full-wave multilevel steepest decent-sparse matrix canonical grid (MLSD-SMCG) method and 2nd-order small slope approximation model (SSA-2), we simulate the L-band normalized radar scattering coefficients and sea clutters from one-dimensional and two-dimensional rough ocean surfaces with different radar illumination sizes. According to the simulation results, it is found that for radar incidence and scattering angle beyond the range of shading effect, the normalized and polarization radar scattering coefficient from rough ocean surface with radar illumination size larger than 16λ (incident wavelength) has good spatial ergodicity. Also, the normalized radar backscattering coefficient for cross polarization of sea surface shows spatial ergodicity when the sea surface size illuminated by radar is not less than one fourth of the largest wind wave length under the corresponding sea conditions. Comparing to the normalized radar scattering coefficient, the spatial ergodicity of monostatic sea clutter amplitude distribution is relatively weaker under the high sea states. With the incident angle increasing, the amplitude distribution of co-polarized sea clutter shows more significant spatial ergodicity, while the cross polarization case is on the opposite.

Key words: ocean radar scattering, spatial ergodicity, sea clutter, Mellin-kind statistics, full-wave numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TN959.74

杜延磊, 杨晓峰, 汪胜, 殷君君, 杨会章, 杨健. 海面雷达散射及其杂波幅度统计特性的空间遍历性数值仿真研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(12): 3806-3818.

Yanlei DU, Xiaofeng YANG, Sheng WANG, Junjun YIN, Huizhang YANG, Jian YANG. Numerical investigation on the spatial ergodicity of ocean radar scattering and sea clutter amplitude statistical characteristics[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(12): 3806-3818.

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海面尺寸/λ	风速5 m/s, θ_i=40°/dB				风速10 m/s, θ_i=20°/dB
	θ_s∈[-60°, 60°]		θ_s∈[-90°, 90°]		θ_s∈[-60°, 60°]		θ_s∈[-90°, 90°]
	VV极化	HH极化	VV极化	HH极化	VV极化	HH极化	VV极化	HH极化
512	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
256	0.141	0.144	0.185	0.214	0.150	0.154	0.207	0.265
128	0.146	0.150	0.241	0.299	0.168	0.180	0.254	0.357
64	0.156	0.160	0.326	0.397	0.178	0.195	0.352	0.474
32	0.171	0.193	0.430	0.589	0.186	0.205	0.400	0.474
16	0.183	0.217	0.462	0.776	0.185	0.207	0.450	0.617
8	0.462	0.664	0.803	1.448	0.293	0.325	0.548	0.767

风速/(m/s)	极化方式	海面尺寸/λ
风速/(m/s)	极化方式	128	64	32
5	VV极化	0.143	0.123	0.119
	HH极化	0.140	0.135	0.132
	HV极化	0.161	0.262	0.862
10	VV极化	0.153	0.151	0.217
	HH极化	0.165	0.253	0.345^*
	HV极化	0.312	0.852	1.673

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海面雷达散射及其杂波幅度统计特性的空间遍历性数值仿真研究

Numerical investigation on the spatial ergodicity of ocean radar scattering and sea clutter amplitude statistical characteristics

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