指挥控制系统数字孪生研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.03.23

Abstract

Abstract:

The command and control (C2) system has the characteristics of being mainly software oriented, and human-machine integration, which is difficult to construct C2's digital modeling. A maturity model of C2 system digital twin is proposed. Firstly, the category of C2 system digital twin is presented, and the capability goals and capability requirements of C2 system digital twin are analyzed. Secondly, a maturity model and the development steps of C2 system digital twin are proposed. Several solutions for key problems are analyzed by the aspects of the reliability of C2 system digital twin, human subjective initiative, system linkage, and real-time performance between virtual and real spaces. Finally, the key technical system of C2 system digital twin is established. Several key technologies and research ideas of C2 system digital twin are analyzed, including C2 modeling, intelligent cognitive decision-making, big data mining, multi-modal mutual inductance, and intelligent evaluation. The proposed maturity model and the key technical system can provide a reference for the construction of C2 system digital twin.

Key words: command and control (C2) system, digital twin, maturity model, modeling, intelligence

CLC Number:

TP391.9

Zhixin CHEN, Lingyun LU, Ling YE, Shaoqiu ZHENG, Fang WANG, Xin GAO. Research on digital twin for command and control system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(3): 912-922.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Comparison of the concepts between digital twin, modeling and simulation, cyber physical system and parallel system"

概念名称	提出时间	提出背景	核心思想/关键机理	解决问题	侧重点
数字孪生	2003年	数字孪生源自产品生命周期管理的“物理产品的虚拟数字化表达”。	通过创建物理实体的高保真数字化的虚拟模型, 真实地再现物理实体在物理世界的几何形状、物理属性、行为和规则等, 通过反馈, 预测和控制物理实体未来的状态和行为。	通过构建物理实体的虚拟模型, 更快、更准确地预测和检测物理问题, 优化制造和运用过程。	在数字空间构建和物理实体有相似外观和相同行为的虚拟模型。
建模仿真	20世纪40年代	随着现代计算机技术的发展, 建模仿真技术也迅速进步, 成为一个独立的学科方向。	以模型为基础, 模拟真实世界过程或系统行为状态随时间的变化, 支撑管理或技术决策。	在制造领域解决产品制造全生命周期的预测和优化问题; 在军事领域应用于战争模拟、作战演练等场景, 以节约经费、提高效率、减少伤亡。	对物理世界的抽象建模和数据采集, 不强调与物理世界的实时强交互。
信息物理系统	2006年	信息物理系统源自嵌入式系统的广泛应用, 用来描述传统信息技术无法有效说明的日益复杂的系统。	通过传感器、控制器、执行器三大组件, 在连续的物理进程和离散的计算进程之间构建复杂的交互事件, 从而提供实时传感、信息反馈和动态控制等服务。	通过信息世界与物理世界的集成和实时交互, 以可靠、安全、高效的方式监控物理实体。	对物理世界的控制, 而不是镜像模型。
平行系统	2004年	平行系统源自复杂自适应系统理论和复杂性科学。	基于虚拟场景, 利用“人工系统、计算实验、平行执行”方法, 构建实际系统的平行系统, 通过协同演化、闭环反馈和双向引导, 实现对实际系统的优化。	通过可定量、可实施、可重复、可实时的计算实验, 解决实际复杂系统中不可准确预测、难以拆分还原、无法重复实验等宏观问题。	构建能够解释复杂系统的虚拟系统, 不强调虚实系统各组成成分的一一对应和等价。

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孪生对象	所属领域	孪生特点	用途
飞行器	航空航天	侧重对飞行器的几何特性、材料属性、损伤演化、空气动力学、生产线等方面建模, 涉及多物理场建模、多尺度损伤分析、虚拟仿真验证等技术^[20-21]	设计研发、制造装配、运行维护等
生产车间	智能制造	侧重对车间的三维模型、物理属性、工艺参数、相关事件等方面建模, 涉及多维多尺度建模、产品质量实施控制与分析、车间精准管控等技术^{[24, 26]}	设备健康管理、能耗优化、动态调度、实时控制等
城市	智慧城市	侧重对城市的物理设施、地理信息、公共服务等方面建模, 涉及数据全域标识、多维立体感知、多源数据融合、建筑信息模型构建等技术^[39]	市政规划、生态环境治理、交通管控指引和优化等
指控系统	军事智能	侧重对软件系统、指控行为、通信链路等方面建模, 涉及软件系统抽象建模、指挥行为模拟、人机交互、博弈对抗等技术^[40-41]	规划论证、研制建设、作战运用等

技术类型	技术内容
孪生可靠性	多域多尺度融合建模技术
	基于人工智能的智能认知决策建模技术
	基于深度学习的数字孪生体修正技术
	面向实时数据流的自主认知调整技术
	虚实一致性多维度评价技术
人的主观能动性	基于人工智能的智能认知决策建模技术
体系联动性	基于超网络的决策流模体技术
体系联动性	基于共识机制的分布式虚实互联技术
虚实交互实时性	基于分布式计算框架的大数据挖掘技术
	基于人机共生的多模态互感技术
	基于动态自适应的智能评估技术

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Research on digital twin for command and control system

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