面向天波超视距雷达应用的电离层杂波统计分析及建模研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.01.06

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 56-66.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.01.06

面向天波超视距雷达应用的电离层杂波统计分析及建模研究

朱建桦¹(), 周晨¹^,*(), 吕明杰¹, 王君明¹, 刘默然¹, 张新苗¹, 赵正予²

1. 武汉大学电子信息学院，湖北武汉 430072
2. 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）空间科学与应用技术研究院，广东深圳 518055

收稿日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-11
通讯作者: 周晨 E-mail:zhujianhua@whu.edu.cn;chen.zhou.whu@gmail.com
作者简介:朱建桦（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为电离层杂波
吕明杰（1996—），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为短波信道建模
王君明（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为短波定位
刘默然（1991—），男，特聘副研究员，博士，主要研究方向为电离层物理
张新苗（1984—），男，高级工程师，博士，主要研究方向为雷达系统总体设计
赵正予（1952—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为电离层电波传播

Statistical analysis of and modeling research on ionospheric clutter for skywave over-the-horizon radar applications

Jianhua ZHU¹(), Chen ZHOU¹^,*(), Mingjie LYU¹, Junming WANG¹, Moran LIU¹, Xinmiao ZHANG¹, Zhengyu ZHAO²

1. School of Electronic Information，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China
2. Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology，Harbin Institute of Technology，Shenzhen 518055，China

Received:2024-07-29 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11
Contact: Chen ZHOU E-mail:zhujianhua@whu.edu.cn;chen.zhou.whu@gmail.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对电离层杂波影响天波超视距雷达对目标正常监测和预警的问题，利用低纬度数字测高仪和甚高频相干散射雷达的原始观测数据，对观测到大尺度的电离层不规则结构回波进行统计分析，并基于统计分析的结果，构建面向天波超视距雷达应用的电离层杂波模型。利用实测数据对模型结果进行验证，结果表明研究成果可为天波超视距雷达目标检测和信号处理提供支撑。

关键词: 天波超视距雷达, 电离层杂波, 杂波建模

Abstract:

To solve the problem that ionospheric clutter interferes with the radar’s ability to monitor and detect targets accurately, a statistical analysis of large-scale ionospheric irregular structure echoes using original observation data is presented from a low-latitude ionosonde and field-aligned coherent scattering radar. Based on the results of the analysis, an ionospheric clutter model tailored for OTHR applications is proposed. The model’s results are then verified by using measured data. The findings of the research can support improved target detection and signal processing for OTHR systems.

Key words: over the horizon radar (OTHR), ionospheric clutter, clutter modeling

中图分类号:

TN 958.93

朱建桦, 周晨, 吕明杰, 王君明, 刘默然, 张新苗, 赵正予. 面向天波超视距雷达应用的电离层杂波统计分析及建模研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(1): 56-66.

Jianhua ZHU, Chen ZHOU, Mingjie LYU, Junming WANG, Moran LIU, Xinmiao ZHANG, Zhengyu ZHAO. Statistical analysis of and modeling research on ionospheric clutter for skywave over-the-horizon radar applications[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(1): 56-66.

图/表 21

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

图17

图18

图19

图20

图21

参考文献 31

1	THOMASON J F. Development of over-the-horizon radar in the United States[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Radar, 2003: 599−601.
2	王谦喆, 何召阳, 宋博文, 等. 射频隐身技术研究综述[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2018, 40 (6): 1505- 1514. doi: 10.11999/JEIT170945
	WANG Q Z, HE Z Y, SONG B W, et al. Overview on RF stealth technology research[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2018, 40 (6): 1505- 1514. doi: 10.11999/JEIT170945
3	EARL G, WARD B. Frequency management support for remote sea-state sensing using the JINDALEE skywave radar[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 1986, 11(2): 164−173.
4	周文瑜, 焦培南. 超视距雷达技术[J]. 电波科学学报, 2008, 23 (5): 1010.
	ZHOU W Y, JIAO P N. Over-the-horizon radar technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2008, 23 (5): 1010.
5	HAGHIGHI G, HOSSEIN M, ZHANG G F, et al. Ground clutter detection for weather radar using phase fluctuation index[J]. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2019, 57: 2889−2895.
6	TERENCE J E. A model for high frequency radar auroral clutter[R]. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force, 1980.
7	GEORGES T M, HARLAN J A, LEBEN R R, et al. A test of ocean surface-current mapping with over-the-horizon radar[J]. IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1998, 36 (1): 101- 110. doi: 10.1109/36.655321
8	杨志群, 倪晋麟, 刘国岁. 超视距雷达中窄带干扰抑制技术研究[J]. 电子学报, 2003, 31(7): 1111−1113.
	YANG Z Q, NI J L, LIU G S. Research on the suppression technology of narrow-band interference in OTHR[J]. Acta Electonica Sinica, 2003, 31(7): 1111−1113.
9	周忠根, 时艳玲, 水鹏朗. 天波超视距雷达瞬态干扰抑制方法[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2012, 39(6): 61−65.
	ZHOU Z G, SHI Y L, SHUI P L. Method for transient interference suppression in the over-the-horizon radar[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2012, 39(6): 61−65 .
10	CHEN Z R, CHEN A L, LIU W J, et al. A sea clutter suppression algorithm for over-the-horizon radar based on dictionary learning and subspace estimation[J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2023, 140: 104131.
11	JI X W, LI J M, YANG Q, et al. Deep learning aided time-frequency analysis filter framework for suppressing ionosphere clutter[J]. Remote Sensing, 2022, 14 (14): 3424. doi: 10.3390/rs14143424
12	卢长建. 超视距雷达的发展现状[J]. 舰船电子对抗, 2006, 29 (5): 33- 35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9167.2006.05.010
	LU C J. Development status of over-the-horizon radar[J]. Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2006, 29 (5): 33- 35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9167.2006.05.010
13	李雷. 高频雷达自适应抗干扰技术研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2007.
	LI L. Study on adaptive interference mitigation technique in high frequency surface wave radar[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007.
14	赵龙, 张宁. 高频地波雷达中电离层杂波的自适应抑制[J]. 现代雷达, 2005, 27 (1): 36- 37，46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7859.2005.01.011
	ZHAO L, ZHANG N. Adaptive suppression of the ionospheric clutter in the HFSWR[J]. Modern Radar, 2005, 27 (1): 36- 37，46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7859.2005.01.011
15	DEMARTY Y, THIRION-LEFEVRE L, LESTURGIE M. Simulated HF Doppler spectra obtained with an exact modeling of the EM backscattering by 3D time-evolving sea surfaces[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Radar, 2008: 282−287.
16	JIANG W, DENG W B, SHI J L. Characteristic study of ionospheric clutter in high-frequency over the horizon surface wave radar[C]//Proc. of the IEEE Youth Conference on Information, Computing and Telecommunication, 2009: 154−157.
17	RAVAN M, RIDDOLLS R J, ADVE R S. Ionospheric and auroral clutter models for HF surface wave and over-the-horizon radar systems[J]. Radio Science, 2012, 47 (3): 1- 12.
18	ANDERSON S J, ABRAMOVICH Y I. A unified approach to detection, classification, and correction of ionospheric distortion in HF sky wave radar systems[J]. Radio Science, 1998, 33(4): 1055−1067.
19	WANG C. New chains of space weather monitoring stations in China[J]. Space Weather, 2010, 8 (8): 1- 5.
20	PIETRELLA M, BIANCHI C. Occurrence of sporadic-E layer over the ionospheric station of Rome: analysis of data for thirty-two years[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2009, 44 (1): 72- 81. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.006
21	ZHANG Y B, WU J, GUO L X, et al. Influence of solar and geomagnetic activity on sporadic-E layer over low, mid and high latitude stations[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2015, 55 (5): 1366- 1371. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.12.010
22	WHITEHEAD J D. Recent work on mid-latitude and equatorial sporadic-E[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1989, 51 (5): 401- 424. doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(89)90122-0
23	MATHEWS J D. Sporadic E: current views and recent progress[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-terrestrial Physics, 1998, 60 (4): 413- 435. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6826(97)00043-6
24	HALDOUPIS C, PANCHEVA D, SINGER W, et al. An explanation for the seasonal dependence of midlatitude sporadic E layers[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2007, 112(A6): A06315.
25	杜鹏, 张雅彬, 胡艳丽, 等. 太阳和地磁活动对高中低纬度站点 Es 层的影响[J]. 空间科学学报, 2016, 36 (6): 881- 887. doi: 10.11728/cjss2016.06.881
	DU P, ZHANG Y B, HU Y L, et al. Influence of solar and geomagnetic activity on sporadic-E layer over different latitude stations[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2016, 36 (6): 881- 887. doi: 10.11728/cjss2016.06.881
26	王云冈, 毛田, 吕景天, 等. 中国区域电离层扩展 F 发生率特征研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2020, 35 (1): 50- 54. doi: 10.6038/pg2020CC0385
	WANG Y G, MAO T, LYU J T, et al. Characteristics of spread-F occurrence in China region in low solar cycle[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2020, 35 (1): 50- 54. doi: 10.6038/pg2020CC0385
27	LI G, NING B, LIU L, et al. The correlation of longitudinal/seasonal variations of evening equatorial pre-reversal drift and of plasma bubbles[J]. Annales Geophysicae: Atomospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 2007, 25(12): 2571−2578.
28	LI G Z, NING B Q, ABDU M A, et al. On the occurrence of postmidnight equatorial F region irregularities during the June solstice[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2011, 116(A4): A04318.
29	MACDOUGALL J W, ABDU M A, JAYACHANDRAN P T, et al. Presunrise spread F at Fortaleza[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1998, 103 (A10): 23415- 23425. doi: 10.1029/98JA01949
30	WANG G J, SHI J K, WANG X, et al. The statistical properties of spread F observed at Hainan station during the declining period of the 23rd solar cycle[J]. Annales Geophysicae: Atomospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 2010, 28(6): 1263−1271.
31	HEELIS R A, MAUTE A. Challenges to understanding the Earth’s ionosphere and thermosphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2020, 125 (7): e2019JA027497. doi: 10.1029/2019JA027497

[1]	阚庆云, 许京伟, 廖桂生, 王伟伟. 空天双基雷达杂波建模与分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(6): 1806-1815.
[2]	陈子睿, 陈阿磊, 刘维建, 杨军, 陈文峰, 马晓岩. 天波超视距雷达非均匀采样信号频谱重构[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(4): 1236-1246.
[3]	郝宇航, 蒋威, 王增福, 兰华, 雍婷, 潘泉. 分布式MIMO体制天波超视距雷达仿真系统[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(7): 1981-1989.
[4]	韩伟, 王国师, 张朝伟, 余志惠. 基于联合EDF和多模板的天波雷达波位调度方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(3): 582-588.
[5]	于文启, 陈建文, 关泽文, 鲍拯. 基于权矩阵低秩逼近的MIMO OTHR多模SDC抑制算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(6): 1249-1258.
[6]	唐续, 吴骐, 李明晏, 黄大羽. 天波超视距雷达的多路径融合多目标跟踪算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(7): 1493-1499.
[7]	胡进峰, 李万阁, 艾慧, 李会勇, 李军, 夏威, 徐威. 基于频域干扰剔除的OTHR射频干扰抑制算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(5): 1046-.
[8]	王成浩, 廖桂生, 许京伟, 曾操. 超长基线双基机载雷达空时杂波建模与特性[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(10): 2258-2266.
[9]	李会勇，许丁文，胡进峰，戴文娟，何子述. 基于FRFT的天波雷达多机动目标检测[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(9): 1725-1730.
[10]	薄超，顾红，苏卫民. 基于高阶奇异值分解的OTHR海杂波抑制算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(5): 872-878.
[11]	洪泓, 毛兴鹏, 果然, 侯慧军, 邓维波. 基于距离-多普勒域的电离层杂波极化抑制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(12): 2400-2405.
[12]	吴　瑕，陈建文，鲍　拯，郭德阳. 天波超视距雷达探测弹道目标关键因素与技术研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2013, 35(11): 2297-2302.
[13]	赵志国，陈建文，鲍拯. 一种改进的OTHR自适应海杂波抑制方法[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2012, 34(5): 909-914.
[14]	王增福, 潘泉, 陈丽平, 梁彦, 杨峰. 基于航路-航迹关联的天波超视距雷达航迹分类[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2012, 34(10): 2018-2022.
[15]	全英汇, 张磊, 邢孟道, 保铮. 天波超视距雷达缺损信号的频谱重构[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2011, 33(8): 1732-1737.

面向天波超视距雷达应用的电离层杂波统计分析及建模研究

Statistical analysis of and modeling research on ionospheric clutter for skywave over-the-horizon radar applications

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 21

参考文献 31

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价