基于MBSE的异构探测器系统架构设计方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.06.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对未来月球探测任务中探测器系统使用需求和综合设计难点, 为有效解决各型探测器使用兼容、网络通联、维护保障等问题, 以基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering, MBSE)正向设计为指导, 结合互操作性设计思想, 提出基于“场景分析-需求分析-功能与架构分析-架构设计”的系统架构开发流程。以典型任务场景下探测器系统互操作能力需求为输入, 构建关键功能约束下的系统用例、活动、时序、状态等视图模型, 通过权衡分析, 形成探测器最小单元物理架构, 为多种构型探测器架构和功能配置设计提供可行性方法, 提升系统开发和验证效率。

关键词: 基于模型的系统工程, 异构探测器系统, 互操作性, 架构设计方法

Abstract:

Aiming at the application requirements and comprehensive design difficulties of probe systems in the future lunar exploration mission, in order to effectively solve the problems of using compatibility, network communication, maintenance supporting for each type of probes, it is guided by the forward design of model-based systems engineering (MBSE), and incorporated interoperability design ideas, the system architecture development process based on "scenario analysis, requirement analysis, function and architecture analysis, architecture design" is proposed. The requirements for interoperability of probe systems in typical mission scenario are taken as input, the view models of system use case, activity, sequence, state and so on are constructed under the constraint of key functions, the minimum unit physical architecture of the probe is formed through trade-off analysis, it provides a feasible method for architecture and functional configuration design in various configurational probes, and improve the efficiency of system development and verification.

Key words: model-based systems engineering (MBSE), heterogeneous probe systems, interoperability, architecture design method

中图分类号:

李特, 郭强, 战鹏. 基于MBSE的异构探测器系统架构设计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(6): 1930-1940.

Te LI, Qiang GUO, Peng ZHAN. Architecture design method of heterogeneous probe systems based on MBSE[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(6): 1930-1940.

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系统层级	交互对象	互操作内容	互操作能力需求
体系支持层	探测器系统与测控系统、地面应用系统	遥测信息, 遥控指令, 下行数传	1.探测器系统与地面站建立通信; 2.探测器系统通过中继通信卫星与地面站建立通信; 3.月面通信基站为探测器系统提供多模通信支持; 4.月面保障系统支持能源供给, 支持维护和检测; 5.月面保障系统支持任务载荷换装; 6.航天维护人员支持对特殊故障进行检查。
	探测器系统与中继通信卫星	中继通信
	探测器系统与月面通信基站	月面组网互联
	探测器系统与月面保障系统、航天维护人员	能源供给, 维护和检测, 人工检查
异构系统层	着陆器指控中枢与各型探测器	异构系统指控交互(指控命令、任务分配信息、指控权限交接)	1.依据测控系统上行遥控指令, 着陆器指控中枢结合环境信息, 生成行动方案, 并对各型探测器进行任务分配; 2.与指定探测器完成指控权限交接; 3.着陆器指控中枢向各探测器发送环境信息、任务目标信息; 4.各探测器向着陆器指控中枢回传科学探测信息、工程作业信息、任务载荷状态信息。
异构系统层	着陆器指控中枢与各型探测器	异构系统信息交互(环境信息、任务目标信息、科学探测信息、工程作业信息、任务载荷状态信息)
同型系统层	同型探测器之间	同型系统指控交互(指控命令)	1.指定探测器完成编队内其他探测器指控; 2.同型探测器之间发送协同任务信息; 3.同型探测器之间发送接替任务信息。
	同型探测器之间	协同任务信息交互(协同任务信息)
	同型探测器之间	接替任务信息交互(接替任务信息)

要素	内容
参与者	测控系统、中继通信卫星、月面保障系统
前置条件	任务规划
运行流程(概要)	1.任务准备: 接收任务分配信息、抵近任务区 2.目标探测和工程作业: 任务载荷开展探测、发送科学探测信息, 开展工程作业、发送工程作业信息 3.任务载荷换装: 换装任务载荷开展探测、发送科学探测信息 4.任务退出: 退出任务区
成功条件	完成科学探测, 科学信息回传接收
数据要求	任务分配信息, 科学探测信息, 工程作业信息

序号	子系统名称	主要执行功能
1	指控子系统	接收指挥权限, 完成同型探测器指控
2	多模通信子系统	月面各探测器间多模组网通联, 信息交互
3	模块化任务载荷子系统	任务载荷按需配置, 可支持换装要求
4	保障与检测子系统	具备载荷换装、能源补给、故障维修统一接口, 具备自检测功能
5	综合管理子系统	具备综合处理、数据管理功能
6	结构功能子系统	具备支撑功能, 机构运动与分离功能
7	测控数传子系统	具备中继、地面应急通信接口
8	热控子系统	具备热交换、隔热功能
9	GNC子系统	具备导航与控制功能, 环境感知和路径规划功能
10	能源子系统	具备能源产生、存储和管理功能
11	运动子系统	具备地形自适应巡视功能

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