战斗机无人机编组协同系统需求捕获与验证

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.01.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

战斗机-无人机编组协同(fighter-drone teaming, FDT)是人员-信息-物理-智能一体化的全新作战形态, 其系统需求捕获与验证方法尚没有工程先例和经验可循, 亟需正向探索和实践。在一般的基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering, MBSE)方法基础上, 提出整体纳入跨装备协同要素、将分析模型和验证模型分开构建、同步考量逻辑行为与时空关系的捕获与验证策略, 以及适用于编组协同“任务场景构建-系统行为分析-需求映射定义-模型在环验证”的流程和具体方法, 进而以典型“二带二”对地FDT为例进行应用检验。检验结果表明, 该方法可满足工程总体多专业联合工作需要, 能够高效形成编组协同系统需求清单及相应的捕获与验证依据, 从而为后续的系统设计和实现确立清晰的开发目标和设计指导。

关键词: 战斗机, 无人机, 编组协同, 基于模型的系统工程, 需求

Abstract:

Fighter-drone teaming (FDT) is a new form of combat operations with integrated personnel, information, physics and intelligence. Its system requirements elicitation and verification need to be explored and practiced with no engineering precedent nor experience to refer. On the basis of general model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methodology, an elicitation and verification strategy is proposed, in which trans-system elements are included on the whole, analysis model and verification model are built separately, and logical behavior and spatial-temporal relation are synchronously taken into consideration. The approach suitable for teaming "mission scenario construction-system behavior analysis-requirements mapping definition-model-in-loop verification" is formed, and a typical "2-2" air-to-ground FDT system is used as the test for its application effectiveness. The results show that, the method met the needs of engineering multi-specialty joint work, by which system requirements along with elicitation rationale and verification evidence are formulated efficiently, and clear objectives and credible directions are built for succeeding system design and realization.

Key words: fighter, drone, teaming, model-based systems engineering (MBSE), requirement

中图分类号:

史文卿, 王海峰, 陈海昕. 战斗机无人机编组协同系统需求捕获与验证[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(1): 108-118.

Wenqing SHI, Haifeng WANG, Haixin CHEN. Fighter-drone teaming system requirements elicitation and verification[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(1): 108-118.

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分类	等级	特征
人在环外	Z9	机器决定一切, 自主行事, 忽略人
人在环外	Z8	机器只有在自己决定需要通知时才通知人
人在环上	Y7	机器只在人询问时告知人
	Y6	机器自动执行, 通知人
	Y5	机器自动执行, 通知人并允许在限时内否决
人在环内	X4	机器在人同意后执行所提供的最佳选项
	X3	机器只提供一个最佳选项
	X2	机器提供一系列决策或行动备选项
	X1	人承担所有的决策和行动操控

行为	标线	命名	前缀	含义
操作		前缀_动词<名词>	op	进行操作
交互		前缀_<定语>名词	inp	人向系统输入
			out	系统向人输出
			cmd	命令/计划
			rep	报告/通报
			sig	物理信号
			inf	数字信息
			req	请求
			ret	回复

指标项	时空要求
暴露风险	前位无人机被敌雷达跟踪时刻T_n，后位战斗机应在(T_n+15)s内(T_n+1时刻)不被敌雷达跟踪
编队时效	在(T_n+6)s内达到位置偏差不大于20 m、角度偏差不大于1.5°的队形精度，并保持到(T_n+15)s
定位效能	满足队形精度后9 s内收敛，定位偏差不大于无人机距目标距离的1%
	

编识号	分类	需求描述	属性
ABS-31	编队	系统必须能够接收编组内战斗机通过成员通信域发来的编队作业计划。	交互
ABS-32	编队	系统必须通过成员通信域向编组内战斗机实时发送本机飞行位置、速度、姿态数据。	交互
ABS-33	防撞	系统必须实时检测与编组内战斗机发生空中相撞的可能性, 检测半径不小于15 km。	操作
ABS-34	防撞	系统必须在检测到可能发生相撞时控制飞机实施避撞机动。	操作
			

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