机载微带天线高功率微波耦合效应研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.04.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对复杂战场环境下机载电子设备容易受到高功率微波电磁干扰问题，对机载微带天线耦合效应进行研究。提出了一种窄带和超宽带高功率微波辐照下天线耦合建模分析方法，建立了微带天线上装平台辐照模型，从不同脉冲参数、上装平台前后，不同极化方式和入射角进行仿真分析，给出了天线端口耦合电压变化规律。仿真结果表明，耦合电压峰值与辐照场强幅值呈线性正比关系；窄带辐照下，载频越接近天线工作频率，耦合效应越强；超宽带辐照下，脉冲宽度越窄，耦合电压峰值越大。上装平台使天线耦合电压峰值在窄带和超宽带辐照下最大增幅分别达11.65%和9.39%。入射电场沿天线极化方向的分量越大，耦合电压越大。研究结果为机载电子设备在强电磁脉冲辐照下的天线耦合分析与防护设计提供理论依据与参考。

关键词: 电磁脉冲, 高功率微波, 微带天线, 天线耦合

Abstract:

In response to the issue of airborne electronic equipment being susceptible to high-power microwave electromagnetic interference in complex battlefield environments, research is conducted on the coupling effect of airborne microstrip antennas. A modeling approach for antenna coupling under narrowband and ultra wide band high-power microwave irradiation is proposed. An irradiation model incorporating the microstrip antenna and its mounting platform is established to simulate the effects of pulse parameters, platform presence, polarization mode, and incident angle on the coupling voltage at the antenna port. The simulation results indicate that the peak coupling voltage is linearly proportional to the incident electric field amplitude. Under narrowband irradiation, the coupling effect intensifies as the carrier frequency approaches the antenna’s operating frequency. Under ultra wide band irradiation, a narrower pulse width results in a higher peak coupling voltage. The mounting platform enhances the peak coupling voltage, with maximum increases of 11.65% and 9.39% under narrowband and ultra wide band irradiation, respectively. The coupling voltage increases with a larger component of the incident electric field aligned with the antenna’s polarization direction. These findings provide theoretical support and a reference for the antenna coupling analysis and protective design of airborne electronic equipment under intense electromagnetic pulse irradiation.

Key words: electromagnetic pulse, high power microwave, microstrip antenna, antenna coupling

中图分类号:

TN 97

高爱国, 郁大照, 黄鹤翔. 机载微带天线高功率微波耦合效应研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(4): 1125-1136.

Aiguo GAO, Dazhao YU, Hexiang HUANG. Research on high power microwave coupling effects of airborne microstrip antennas[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(4): 1125-1136.

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天线上装平台前后	辐照脉冲类型	θ，φ，ψ/（°）	耦合电压峰值/V
单天线	HPM	0，0，90	1 234.10
单天线	HPM	0，0，0	572.10
天线上装平台后	HPM	0，0，90	1 377.93
天线上装平台后	HPM	0，0，0	626.01
单天线	UWB	0，0，90	43.65
单天线	UWB	90，0，0	32.97
天线上装平台后	UWB	0，0，90	38.84
天线上装平台后	UWB	110，0，0	47.75

天线上装平台前后	辐照脉冲类型	θ，φ，ψ/（°）	耦合电压峰值/V
单天线	HPM	45，30，90	949.68
	HPM	45，210，90	946.43
	HPM	45，110，0	860.19
	HPM	45，290，0	896.53
天线上装平台后	HPM	45，20，90	898.65
	HPM	45，210，90	927.98
	HPM	45，120，0	936.11
	HPM	45，290，0	949.82
单天线	UWB	45，0，90	32.36
	UWB	45，180，90	27.05
	UWB	45，90，0	28.33
	UWB	45，270，0	30.43
天线上装平台后	UWB	45，0，90	26.31
	UWB	45，180，90	29.79
	UWB	45，90，0	33.65
	UWB	45，270，0	37.90

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