共口径双圆极化微带天线

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.07.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对圆极化天线轴比带宽较窄的问题，设计了一种由两个威尔金森功分器和两个环形电桥馈电的四馈双圆极化微带贴片天线。由于馈电网络不同端口在馈电时其输出信号相移方向相反, 因此可以辐射左、右旋圆极化波。双圆极化馈电网络具有结构简单、性能可靠特点。辐射贴片采用顶点相对的4个三角形贴片加载T形枝节, 并采用背馈的形式实现了天线紧凑的结构。在2.4~2.48 GHz频段内天线实测中心频点S₁₁小于-15 dB, 端口1的左旋圆极化轴比小于2 dB, 端口2的右旋圆极化轴比小于1.5 dB, 与同类型相近尺寸的天线相比具有较宽的轴比带宽。对其远场辐射方向图进行了仿真和测试, 结果表明这种四馈电结构改善了辐射方向图的对称性和轴比。

关键词: 双圆极化, 微带天线, 共口径, 90°相位差四馈

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of narrow axial ratio bandwidth of circularly polarized antenna, a four-fed dual circular polarization microstrip patch antenna which is fed by two Wilkinson power dividers and two ring bridges is designed. The phase shift direction of the output signal is opposite when the feeding network is fed by different ports, so it can radiate left-handed or right-handed circular polarized waves. The dual circular polarization feed network has the characteristics of simple structure and reliable performance. Four triangular patches with opposite vertices are used to load T-shaped branches, and the back-fed structure of radiation patch realizes the compact structure of the antenna. The prototype antenna is fabricated and tested in the frequency band of 2.4~2.48 GHz, the measured center frequency point S₁₁ is less than -15 dB, the left-handed circular polarization in port P_in1 is less than 2 dB, and the right-handed circular polarization in port P_in2 is less than 1.5 dB. Compared with the same type of similar size antenna, it has a wider axial ratio bandwidth. The radiation pattern is simulated and tested and the results show that the four-fed structure improves the symmetry and the axial ratio of radiation pattern.

Key words: dual circular polarization, microstrip antenna, co-aperture, four-fed with 90°phase difference

中图分类号:

TN82

程春霞, 罗丽燕. 共口径双圆极化微带天线[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(7): 1813-1818.

Chunxia CHENG, Liyan LUO. Co-aperture dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(7): 1813-1818.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表1

参考文献 30

1	WU Q S , ZHANG X , ZHU L . A feeding technique for wideband CP patch antenna based on 90° phase difference between tapped line and parallel coupled line[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18 (7): 1468- 1471. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2920256
2	WANG M S , ZHU X Q , GUO Y X , et al. Compact circularly polarized patch antenna with wide axial-ratio beamwidth[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17 (4): 714- 718. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2813160
3	LIN J F , CHU Q X . Enhancing bandwidth of CP microstrip antenna by using parasitic patches in annular sector shapes to control electric field components[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17 (5): 924- 927. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2825236
4	SHI Y , LIU J . A circularly polarized octagon-star-shaped microstrip patch antenna with conical radiation pattern[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66 (4): 2073- 2078. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2800801
5	WU Q S , ZHANG X , ZHU L . A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna with enhanced axial ratio bandwidth via co-design of feeding network[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66 (10): 4996- 5003. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2851616
6	SALARRAHIMI M , VOLSKI V , VANDENBOSCH G A E . Mutual coupling-based compact wideband circularly polarized antenna[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67 (7): 4872- 4877.
7	LI H D , DU X Y , YIN J Y , et al. Differentially fed dual-circularly polarized antenna with slow wave delay lines[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68 (5): 4066- 4071.
8	REN X , LIAO S W , XUE Q . Circularly polarized antenna with specified AR and gain beamwidth for spaceborne applications[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18 (5): 831- 835. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2903155
9	SU C J, LU C, YIN X X. A broadband circular polarized hexagon patch antenna with three-feeds[C]//Proc. of the Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, 2018.
10	GE L , SIM C Y D , SU H L , et al. Single-layer dual-broadband circularly polarised annular-slot antenna for WLAN applications[J]. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 2018, 12 (1): 99- 107.
11	LE T T , TRAN H H , PARK H C . Simple-structured dual-slot broadband circularly polarized antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17 (3): 476- 479. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2796608
12	IBRAHIM M S. Low-cost, circularly polarized, and wideband U-slot microstrip patch antenna with parasitic elements for WiGig and WPAN applications[C]//Proc. of the 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2019.
13	SUN C . A design of compact ultrawideband circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67 (9): 6170- 6175. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2922759
14	QIU L L , ZHU L , XU Y . Wideband low-profile circularly polarized patch antenna using 90° modified Schiffman phase shifter and meandering microstrip feed[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68 (7): 5680- 5685. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2020.2963947
15	GUO M, ZHONG S S. Wideband dual-circularly-polarized microstrip antenna[C]//Proc. of the International Symposium on Signals Systems and Electronics, 2010.
16	YANG Y H , GUO J L , SUN B H , et al. The design of dual circularly polarized series-fed arrays[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2019, 67 (1): 574- 479. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2879775
17	HSU S H , CHANG K . A novel reconfigurable microstrip antenna with switchable circular polarization[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2007, 6, 160- 162. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2007.894150
18	HU C H , CHEN T R , WU J F , et al. Reconfigurable microstrip antenna with polarisation diversity and frequency agility[J]. Electronics Letters, 2007, 43 (24): 1329- 1330. doi: 10.1049/el:20071614
19	QIN P Y , WEILY A R , GUO Y J , et al. Polarization reconfigur-able U-slot patch antenna[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2010, 58 (10): 3383- 3388. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2010.2055808
20	YOON W S , BAIK J W , LEE H S , et al. A reconfigurable circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a slotted ground plane[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2010, 9, 1161- 1164. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2096794
21	YANG Z X , YANG H C , HONG J S , et al. Bandwidth enhancement of a polarization-reconfigurable patch antenna with stair-slots on the ground[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2014, 13, 579- 582. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2014.2312971
22	KHIDRE A , LEE K F , YANG F , et al. Circular polarization reconfigurable wideband E-shaped patch antenna for wireless applications[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61 (2): 960- 964. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2223436
23	LIU S H , YANG D Q , PAN J . A low-profile broadband dual-circularly-polarized metasurface antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18 (7): 1395- 1399. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2917758
24	徐慧文, 盛卫星, 严彬云. 一种X波段双圆极化天线的设计[J]. 火控雷达技术, 2019, 48 (3): 83- 87, 101.
	XU H W , SHENG W X , YAN B Y . Design of an X-band dual circularly polarized antenna[J]. Fire Control Radar Technology, 2019, 48 (3): 83- 87, 101.
25	LUO G Q, LI P, ZHENG Z C, et al. A dual circularly polarized antenna with improved axial ratio bandwidth[C]//Proc. of the China-Japan Joint Microwave Conference, 2011.
26	TRAN H H , NGUYEN-TRONG N , PARK H C . A compact dual circularly polarized antenna with wideband operation and high isolation[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8, 182959- 182965. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3022845
27	徐永佳, 杨存顺, 孙雨婷, 等. C波段小型化宽带圆极化微带阵列天线设计[J]. 四川大学学报: 自然科学版, 2020, 57 (4): 719- 724. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0490-6756.2020.04.015
	XU Y J , YANG C S , SUN Y T , et al. Design of a C-band miniaturized broadband double-circularly polarized microstrip array antenna[J]. Journal of Sichuan University: Natural Science Edition, 2020, 57 (4): 719- 724. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0490-6756.2020.04.015
28	NARBUDOWICZ A , BAO X , AMMANN M J . Dual circularly-polarized patch antenna using even and odd feed-line modes[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61 (9): 4828- 4831. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2269471
29	LIAO M T, ZHU S Z. Compact dual circularly polarized microstrip transceiver antenna for medical applications[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2012.
30	JIANG X L , ZHANG Z J , LI Y , et al. A novel null scanning antenna using even and odd modes of a shorted patch[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 62 (4): 1903- 1909. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2298884

方法	中心频率/GHz	S₂₁最小值/dB	3 dB轴比带宽	尺寸	增益/dBic
文献[15]	2.2	―	30.0%	―×0.114 λ₀	8
文献[25]	10	-18	4.0%	0.9 λ₀×1.4 λ₀×0.02 λ₀	5
文献[28]	2.575	-20	1.3%	0.7 λ₀×0.7 λ₀×0.03 λ₀	5.77
本文方法	2.45	-35	8.1%	0.7 λ₀×0.7 λ₀×0.02 λ₀	-1

[1]	权双龙, 王昊, 徐达龙, 井家明, 朱硕. 基于连续波干涉仪系统的高隔离度天线[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(11): 3313-3319.
[2]	高志国, 王伟, 刘涓. 共口径双波段波导缝隙阵列天线设计技术[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(10): 2188-2194.
[3]	于涛, 尹成友, 刘汉. 同轴线馈电的球面共形微带天线的数值分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(11): 2432-2437.
[4]	宋长宏, 吴群, 张文静. K波段双圆极化波导阵列天线设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(1): 1-5.
[5]	于涛，尹成友. 球状微带天线分析中细条带馈电模型的构建[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(9): 1712-1716.
[6]	傅佳辉，吴群，张放，刘敏. 毫米波微带双频平面天线阵研究[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2011, 33(4): 746-749.
[7]	袁家德, 顾长青. 曲面微带天线电磁散射特性分析[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2010, 32(11): 2322-2324.
[8]	赵书晨, 王秉中. 微带阵列天线雷达散射截面缩减技术研究进展[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2009, 31(4): 812-815.
[9]	傅佳辉, 吴群, 刘敏, 冯子睿, 杨国辉, 孙凤林. 新型毫米波微带天线H槽耦合馈电设计[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2009, 31(2): 333-336.