基于双重CSK调相的卫星导航信号认证方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.08.25

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 2676-2685.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.08.25

• 制导、导航与控制 • 上一篇

基于双重CSK调相的卫星导航信号认证方法

巴晓辉¹^,²^,³^,*, 向彬¹, 蔡伯根¹^,²^,³, 王剑¹^,²^,³, 姜维¹^,²^,³, 梁坤¹^,²^,³, 柴琳果¹^,²^,³, 张爽娜⁴

1. 北京交通大学自动化与智能学院，北京 100044
2. 北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室，北京 100044
3. 北京市轨道交通电磁兼容与卫星导航工程技术研究中心，北京 100044
4. 航天恒星科技有限公司，北京 100095

收稿日期:2024-09-27 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-04
通讯作者: 巴晓辉
作者简介:向　彬（2001—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为卫星导航
蔡伯根（1966—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为卫星定位导航、列车运行控制
王　剑（1978—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为卫星导航、组合导航、列车运行控制
姜　维（1988—），女，教授，博士，主要研究方向为卫星导航、多源信息融合、室内外无缝定位
梁　坤（1980—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为卫星导航、时间频率测量
柴琳果（1988—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为智能交通
张爽娜（1982—），女，研究员，博士，主要研究方向为卫星导航、低轨导航增强及导航与授时
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金联合基金（U2468202，U2268206）；国家自然科学基金重大仪器项目（62027809）；国家自然科学基金（T2422002）；北京市自然科学基金-丰台轨道交通前沿研究联合基金（L211004）；北京交通大学人才基金（2022XKRC003）资助课题

Satellite navigation signal authentication method based on dual CSK phase modulation

Xiaohui BA¹^,²^,³^,*, Bin XIANG¹, Baigen CAI¹^,²^,³, Jian WANG¹^,²^,³, Wei JIANG¹^,²^,³, Kun LIANG¹^,²^,³, Linguo CHAI¹^,²^,³, Shuangna ZHANG⁴

1. School of Automation and Intelligence，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
2. State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety，Beijing 100044，China
3. Beijing Engineering Research Center of EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation，Beijing 100044，China
4. Space Star Technology Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100095，China

Received:2024-09-27 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-04
Contact: Xiaohui BA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS）民用服务信号体制公开，容易受到恶意攻击和欺骗干扰。信号认证技术是一种有效的反欺骗手段。码移键控（code shift keying，CSK）可以在不改变扩频信号带宽的情况下，实现更高的信息传输速率，已经在卫星导航信号中开始应用。对此，提出一种基于双重CSK调相的卫星导航信号认证方法，认证信息的设计利用卫星导航信号的同步信息，使用双重CSK编码组合提高认证信息传输速率，通过调相的方式将认证信息调制到原始卫星信号上，在现有接收机结构的基础上给出了认证信号的接收解调方案。分析表明，该方法可以提高认证信息速率，同时保证卫星导航信号的恒包络特性，通过调整CSK参数和双重组合方式，可改变认证信息速率；通过改变调相角度可以改变认证信号分配的功率比，控制卫星导航信号的信噪比损失，满足不同条件要求下的信号认证需求。

关键词: 全球导航卫星系统, 码移键控, 信号认证, 调相

Abstract:

The civilian service signal of global navigation satellite system （GNSS） is publicly accessible and vulnerable to malicious attacks and deception. Signal authentication technology is an effective anti-spoofing method. Code shift keying （CSK） enables higher information transmission rates without altering the bandwidth of spread spectrum signals, and is used in satellite navigation signals. In this regard, an authentication method for satellite navigation signals based on dual CSK phase modulation is proposed. The authentication information design uses the synchronization information of satellite navigation signals. Signal authentication uses dual CSK encoding combination to improve the authentication information transmission rate. The authentication information is modulated onto the original satellite signal through phase modulation. A reception and demodulation scheme for the authentication signal is provided based on existing receiver structures. Analysis demonstrates that this method can increase the authentication information rate while preserving the constant envelope characteristic of satellite navigation signals. The authentication information rate can be further improved by adjusting CSK parameters and the dual combination method. The power ratio of the authentication signal distribution can be changed by adjusting the phase modulation angle. By controlling the signal-to-noise ratio loss of satellite navigation signals, meet the signal authentication requirements with different conditions.

Key words: global navigation satellite system （GNSS）, code shift keying （CSK）, signal authentication, phase modulation

中图分类号:

TN 973.3

巴晓辉, 向彬, 蔡伯根, 王剑, 姜维, 梁坤, 柴琳果, 张爽娜. 基于双重CSK调相的卫星导航信号认证方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(8): 2676-2685.

Xiaohui BA, Bin XIANG, Baigen CAI, Jian WANG, Wei JIANG, Kun LIANG, Linguo CHAI, Shuangna ZHANG. Satellite navigation signal authentication method based on dual CSK phase modulation[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(8): 2676-2685.

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通道	单重CSK（6,100）	双重CSK（6,100）
通道	单重CSK（6,100）	第一组	第二组
I支路	43.1	42.6	42.9
Q支路	43.1	42.6	42.9
IQ联合	39.8	39.8	40.2

扩频码长	U	相关器		基2的FFT
扩频码长	U	乘法	加法	乘法	加法
1023	6	65472	65472	10240	20480
1023	8	261888	261888	10240	20480
10230	6	654720	654720	229376	458752
	8	2618880	2618880	229376	458752
	10	10475520	10475520	229376	458752
	12	41902080	41902080	229376	458752

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基于双重CSK调相的卫星导航信号认证方法

Satellite navigation signal authentication method based on dual CSK phase modulation

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方案	认证码速率/MHz	载噪比衰减/dB	认证速率/bps
传统SCA^[30]	10.23	较高	10
二进制调相方案^[30]	10.23	≈0.03（θ=5°）	10
CSK调相方案^[31]	10.23	≈0.03（θ=5°）	60
双重CSK调相	10.23	≈0.03（θ=5°）	120