基于彩色图像Tetrolet变换的频数质心零水印算法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.01.06

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 41-48.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.01.06

• 电子技术 • 上一篇

基于彩色图像Tetrolet变换的频数质心零水印算法

张天骐, 叶绍鹏, 刘鉴兴, 柏浩钧

1. 重庆邮电大学通信与信息工程学院, 重庆 400065
2. 重庆邮电大学信号与信息处理重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400065

收稿日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2023-01-01 发布日期:2023-01-03
通讯作者: 叶绍鹏
作者简介:张天骐 (1971—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为通信信号的调制解调、盲处理、图像、语音信号处理、神经网络实现以及FPGA、VLSL实现
叶绍鹏 (1996—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为图像处理、数字水印、信息隐藏
刘鉴兴(1997—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为信道编码参数盲识别技术
柏浩钧(1997—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为语音信号处理、语音增强
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(61671095);国家自然科学基金(61702065);国家自然科学基金(61701067);国家自然科学基金(61771085);信号与信息处理重庆市市级重点实验室建设项目(CSTC2009CA2003);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS19248);重庆市教育委员会科研项目(KJ1600427);重庆市教育委员会科研项目(KJ1600429)

Frequency centroid zero watermarking algorithm based on Tetrolet transform of color image

Tianqi ZHANG, Shaopeng YE, Jianxing LIU, Haojun BAI

1. School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China

Received:2021-06-03 Online:2023-01-01 Published:2023-01-03
Contact: Shaopeng YE

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统数字水印算法的透明性随嵌入强度的增加而下降的问题, 已有许多零水印算法提出。然而大多数算法或是鲁棒性和稳定性较差, 或是基于灰度图像设计的。本文提出一种基于彩色图像Tetrolet变换的频数质心零水印算法。该算法先提取彩色载体图像YCbCr空间的亮度分量, 再对亮度分量进行Tetrolet变换获得其低频系数, 再通过分块非负矩阵分解, 采用计算频数质心的方法构造特征矩阵。对水印信息依次进行Polar码编码, 二维交织构造出交织矩阵; 最后将含有水印信息的交织方阵和特征矩阵进行异或操作生成零水印。仿真结果证明, 该零水印算法可以有效抵抗非几何攻击、几何攻击以及组合攻击, 水印提取归一化相关系数值在0.9以上, 具有较强的鲁棒性和稳定性, 且具有良好的实用性。

关键词: 零水印, 彩色图像, Tetrolet变换, 频数质心, 鲁棒性

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that the transparency of traditional digital watermarking algorithms decreases with the increase of embedding strength, many zero watermarking algorithms have been proposed. However, most algorithms are not robust and stable, or are designed based on grayscale images. In this paper, a frequency centroid zero watermarking algorithm based on color image Tetrolet transform is proposed. The algorithm first extracts the luminance component of the color carrier image in the YCbCr space, then carries out the Tetrolet transform to obtain its low-frequency coefficients. Then through the block non-negative matrix decomposition, it uses the method of calculating the frequency centroid to construct the feature matrix. The watermark information is encoded by Polar code in turn, and the interleaving matrix is constructed by two-dimensional interleaving. Finally, the zero watermark is generated by exclusive OR (XOR) operation between the interleaved square matrix and the feature matrix containing watermark information. Simulation results show that the zero watermarking algorithm can effectively resist non-geometric attacks, geometric attacks and combination attacks, and the watermark extraction normalized coeffecient (NC) value is more than 0.9, with strong robustness, stability, and good practicability.

Key words: zero watermark, color image, Tetrolet transform, frequency centroid, robustness

中图分类号:

TP309.7

张天骐, 叶绍鹏, 刘鉴兴, 柏浩钧. 基于彩色图像Tetrolet变换的频数质心零水印算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(1): 41-48.

Tianqi ZHANG, Shaopeng YE, Jianxing LIU, Haojun BAI. Frequency centroid zero watermarking algorithm based on Tetrolet transform of color image[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(1): 41-48.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

表2

表3

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 16

1	PIYANARTC,THUMRONGRATA.Color image watermarking based on reflectance component modification and guided image filtering[J].Multimedia Tools and Applications,2021,80,27615-27648. doi: 10.1007/s11042-021-10756-9
2	马玲,张晓辉.基于内积空间非空子空间变换关系的含水印彩色图像特征分析[J].计算机学报,2017,40(5):1203-1217.
	MAL,ZHANGX H.Characteristics of color images with watermark based on the relationship between non-void subspaces of inner space[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2017,40(5):1203-1217.
3	KHANAMT,DHARP K,KOWSARS,et al.SVD-based image watermarking using the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform, key mapping, and coefficient ordering for ownership protection[J].Symmetry,2019,12(1):52-71. doi: 10.3390/sym12010052
4	ZHANGY F,SUNY B.An image watermarking method based on visual saliency and contourlet transform[J].Optik,2019,186,379-389. doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.04.091
5	张天骐,周琳.基于Blob-Harris特征区域和NSCT-Zernike的鲁棒水印算法[J].电子与信息学报,2021,43(7):2038-2045.
	ZHANGT Q,ZHOUL.Robust watermarking algorithm based on Blob-Harris feature region and NSCT-Zernike[J].Journal of Electronics and Information Technology,2021,43(7):2038-2045.
6	WENQ,SUNW F,WANGS X.The concept and application of zero watermark[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2003,32(2):214-216. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2003.02.015
7	DAOUIA,YAMNIM,KARMOUNIH,et al.Biomedical signals reconstruction and zero-watermarking using separable fractional order Charlier-Krawtchouk transformation and Sine Cosine Algorithm[J].Signal Processing,2021,180,107854-107874. doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2020.107854
8	JIANGF,GAOT,LID.A robust zero-watermarking algorithm for color image based on tensor mode expansion[J].Multimedia Tools and Applications,2020,79,7599-7614. doi: 10.1007/s11042-019-08459-3
9	熊祥光.空域强鲁棒零水印方案[J].自动化学报,2018,44(1):160-175.
	XIONGX G.A zero watermarking scheme with strong robustness in spatial domain[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2018,44(1):160-175.
10	VELUMANIR,SEENIVASAGAMV.Noise resilient QR code zero-watermarking system in contourlet-SVD and SVD domains for improved teleradiology[J].Life Science Journal,2018,15(7):87-99.
11	吴德阳,赵静.一种基于改进奇异值和子块映射的图像零水印技术[J].光学学报,2020,40(20):85-97.
	WUD Y,ZHAOJ.An image zero watermarking technology based on ameliorated singular value and subblock mapping[J].Acta Optical Sinica,2020,40(20):85-97.
12	KROMMWEHJ.Tetrolet transform: a new adaptive Haar wavelet algorithm for sparse image representation[J].Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation,2010,21(4):364-374.
13	吴捷,马小虎.基于Tetrolet-Radon变换与Schur分解的盲水印算法[J].现代电子技术,2021,44(5):41-46.
	WUJ,MAX H.Blind watermarking algorithm based on Tetrolet-Radon transformand Schur decomposition[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2021,44(5):41-46.
14	HSIAC H,YANGJ H,CHIANGJ S.Complexity reduction method for ultrasound imaging enhancement in Tetrolet transform domain[J].The Journal of Supercomputing,2020,76,1438-1449.
15	宁秋莹. 基于NMF和增强奇异值分解的自适应零水印算法[D]. 阜新: 辽宁工程技术大学, 2019.
	NING Q Y. Adaptive zero water marking algorithm based on NMF and boost normed singular value[D]. Fuxin: Liaoning Technical University, 2019.
16	ARIKANE.Channel polarization: a method for constructing capacity-achieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels[J].IEEE Trans.on Information Theory,2009,55(7):3051-3073.

载体图像	Lena	Baboon	Pepper	Sailboat	Tree
Lena	1.000 0	0.612 8	0.574 6	0.664 3	0.586 7
Baboon	0.612 8	1.000 0	0.624 4	0.592 6	0.563 4
Pepper	0.574 6	0.624 4	1.000 0	0.612 9	0.574 6
Sailboat	0.664 3	0.592 6	0.612 9	1.000 0	0.685 4
Tree	0.586 7	0.563 4	0.574 6	0.685 4	1.000 0

攻击类型	攻击参数	Lena	Baboon	Pepper	Sailboat
椒盐噪声	0.1	0.995 6	0.997 8	1.000 0	0.997 4
椒盐噪声	0.5	0.981 4	0.981 3	0.986 1	0.989 1
高斯噪声	0.1	0.993 0	0.986 1	0.988 7	0.999 0
高斯噪声	0.5	0.935 3	0.944 1	0.934 9	0.948 6
泊松噪声	0.1	0.997 0	0.991 8	0.988 3	0.986 7
泊松噪声	0.5	0.970 1	0.978 9	0.972 4	0.979 7
均值滤波	3×3	1.000 0	0.999 6	0.999 8	1.000 0
均值滤波	9×9	0.998 6	0.994 8	0.997 1	0.997 2
维纳滤波	3×3	1.000 0	0.999 7	0.999 9	0.999 9
维纳滤波	9×9	0.998 3	0.996 8	0.995 6	0.997 3
低通滤波	3×3	0.999 5	0.999 7	1.000 0	0.999 9
低通滤波	9×9	0.990 4	0.987 5	0.986 3	0.986 6
JPEG压缩	10	0.997 7	0.990 2	0.997 6	0.997 5
	30	0.998 9	0.999 4	0.998 6	0.999 4
	50	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0

攻击类型	攻击参数	Lena	Baboon	Pepper	Sailboat
旋转/(°)	1	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0
	5	0.968 7	0.959 7	0.960 7	0.967 3
	10	0.937 4	0.929 8	0.940 2	0.935 8
剪切	左上剪切1/4	0.922 3	0.927 4	0.921 4	0.930 1
	中心剪切1/4	0.921 4	0.931 4	0.932 9	0.931 8
	右下剪切1/4	0.920 8	0.929 7	0.928 8	0.929 2
平移	下移1行	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0	1.000 0
	下移10行	0.983 4	0.979 6	0.987 4	0.988 5
	右移20列	0.920 2	0.919 9	0.923 5	0.914 1

[1]	杨芷柔, 张虎, 刘静, 刘同林. 节点攻击策略下的军事通信网络结构优化算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(7): 1848-1855.
[2]	王哲, 李建华, 康东. 网络信息体系双层异质相依网络模型鲁棒性[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(4): 961-969.
[3]	王超, 郭基联, 沈安慰. 基于不对称依赖的相依网络级联故障分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(5): 1093-1101.
[4]	徐国明, 袁宏武, 薛模根, 王峰. 全偏振参量低秩稀疏分解伪彩色图像融合[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(11): 2450-2460.
[5]	陈旿, 范铭楷, 李泽宏, 金鑫, 洪亮. 蜂群无人机系统的网络鲁棒性设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(11): 2633-2640.
[6]	王尔申, 王玉伟, 曲萍萍, 蓝晓宇, 陈佳美. 基于代价的复杂网络边攻击策略有效性分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(4): 919-926.
[7]	徐秋坪, 王旭刚, 王中原. 滑翔制导炮弹自抗扰姿态解耦控制器设计[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(2): 384-392.
[8]	司光亚, 王飞, 李聪, 张昱. 基于交互网测量的武器装备体系鲁棒性分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(7): 1506-1512.
[9]	张岩, 李建增, 李德良, 杜玉龙. 快速自适应鲁棒性尺度不变的特征检测子[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(6): 1406-1413.
[10]	王竣德, 老松杨, 阮逸润, 侯绿林, 白亮. 基于节点负载容忍度的相依网络鲁棒性研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(11): 2477-2483.
[11]	孙世岩, 朱惠民. PROMETHEE优先函数选择与参数配置方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(1): 120-124.
[12]	张杰勇, 易侃, 王珩, 张金锋, 周翔翔. 考虑级联失效的C⁴ISR系统结构动态鲁棒性度量方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(9): 2072-2079.
[13]	李敏, 王松艳, 张迎春, 李化义. 改进的强跟踪平方根UKF在卫星导航中应用[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(8): 1858-1865.
[14]	沈迪, 李建华, 张强, 朱瑞. 军事信息栅格级联失效模型及鲁棒性策略研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(2): 310-317.
[15]	刘文强, 王雪梅, 邓自立. 不确定系统鲁棒稳态白噪声反卷积平滑器[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(12): 2696-2700.

基于彩色图像Tetrolet变换的频数质心零水印算法

Frequency centroid zero watermarking algorithm based on Tetrolet transform of color image

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 16

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价