一种基于天线指向的大方位扫描滑聚模式星载SAR几何定位技术

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.03.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Because of the dechirp operation in the imaging algorithm of the sliding-spot mode, it is difficult to construct a rigorous range-Doppler equation for its geometric processing. In regard to this, a conformation model based on synthetic aperture radar （SAR） antenna pointing vector is presented, which fully considering the influence of the dechirp operation on the sliding-spot imaging. Starting from the relative position between the image points of each scanning line in SAR images and the satellite, based on accurate satellite-to-ground geometric conditions, a strict transformation model between image point coordinates and geographic coordinates is established. Based on this model, the forward and inverse solution processes for SAR geometric positioning in sliding mode are given. Finally, geometric calibration and positioning processing experiments using different pulse width combinations and different field data showed that after compensating for various geometric errors caused by the SAR payload itself, atmospheric transmission, platform orbit position, elevation, and other factors, the uncontrolled geometric positioning accuracy of the sliding-spot image can reach 1?2 m, fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in the geometric positioning of sliding-spot images.

Key words: synthetic aperture radar (SAR), sliding-spot imaging, dechirp, range-Doppler (RD), geometric positioning

CLC Number:

TN 958

Yingying LI, Hao WU, Feng CHEN, Yuzhuoyue LIN, Xueying WANG, Xin FENG. A geometric positioning technology based on antenna pointing for large azimuth scanning sliding-spot mode of spaceborne SAR[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(3): 846-858.

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References 30

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参数	取值
卫星轨道高度/km	600
方位向斜视扫描角范围/（°）	13.13~ 4.93
距离向中心视角/（°）	27
信号带宽/MHz	800
信号采样率/MHz	1 000
卫星平台速度/（km/s）	7.62
PRF/Hz	5 182
成像时长/s	15.26
距离向采样点数	25 600
方位向采样点数	46 272

带脉组合	定标影像ID及获取时间	侧视角/（°）	轨道	侧视
B1	Image 1（2021/5/12）	50.27	升轨	右
	Image 2（2021/4/22）	47.93	降轨	左
	Image 3（2021/5/21）	47.43	降轨	左
B2	Image 4（2021/4/21）	28.44	降轨	左
B3	Image 5（2021/4/13）	54.92	降轨	左
	Image 6（2021/5/17）	52.11	升轨	右
	Image 7（2021/5/7）	53.21	降轨	左
	Image 8（2021/12/2）	53.21	升轨	左
	Image 9（2021/4/19）	44.96	升轨	左
	Image 10（2021/4/13）	50.7	升轨	右
	Image 11（2021/4/14）	58.86	升轨	右
B4	Image 12（2021/4/29）	39.37	升轨	左
B5	Image 13（2021/5/1）	23.62	升轨	右
	Image 14（2021/5/9）	18.33	降轨	右
	Image 15（2021/12/15）	31.39	升轨	右
	Image 16（2021/12/18）	29.44	升轨	左
	Image 17（2021/5/19）	23.62	升轨	左
B6	Image 18（2021/4/23）	57.2	降轨	左

带脉组合	验证影像ID及获取时间	侧视角/（°）	轨道	侧视
B1	Image 1（2021/08/23）	48.43	降轨	左
	Image 2（2021/08/22）	48.18	降轨	右
	Image 3（2021/07/20）	51.72	升轨	左
B2	Image 4（2021/07/02）	28.94	升轨	左
	Image 5（2021/06/19）	28.94	降轨	右
	Image 6（2021/06/19）	21.32	升轨	右
B3	Image 7（2021/08/23）	50.7	升轨	左
B3	Image 8（2021/06/30）	49.14	升轨	左
B4	Image 9（2021/08/24）	34.99	升轨	左
	Image 10（2021/06/17）	34.56	降轨	右
	Image 11（2021/06/12）	42.16	升轨	左
B5	Image 12（2021/08/21）	29.94	降轨	左
	Image 13（2021/07/23）	25.27	升轨	左
	Image 14（2021/06/09）	19.54	降轨	右

时宽带宽组合	参与定标的影像数量	Incalib 1 （未剔异常值）		Incalib 2 （剔除异常值）
时宽带宽组合	参与定标的影像数量	斜距改正值中误差/ m	方位向时间改正值中误差/ ms	斜距改正值中误差/m	方位向时间改正值中误差/ ms
B1	3	12.046	3.333	13.035	1.126
B3	7	12.367	3.708	12.93	2.160
B5	5	9.946	2.661	10.662	1.809

误差补偿	距离向	方位向
全部误差均补偿	0.396±0.78	−0.63±1.31
无大气延迟校正	5.61±0.78	−0.63±1.31
未用精确高程校正	11.69±5.41	−0.89±1.55
未用精密轨道校正	2.06±0.82	−1.85±1.35
未进行时延校正	13.43±0.78	−0.63±1.31
全部误差均未补偿	31.61±5.46	−2.11±1.59

A geometric positioning technology based on antenna pointing for large azimuth scanning sliding-spot mode of spaceborne SAR

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景标识	采用方法	方位扫描范围/（°）	轨道	侧视角/（°）	参考高程/m	平面精度/m
景1	本方法	14.9~11.5	降轨	左视54.9	17.3	2.09
景1	传统方法	14.9~11.5	降轨	左视54.9	17.3	11.22
景2	本方法	3.56~−0.78	降轨	左视52.6	37.1	5.75
景2	传统方法	3.56~−0.78	降轨	左视52.6	37.1	15.71
景3	本方法	2.08~0.39	升轨	右视53.1	23.8	4.57
景3	传统方法	2.08~0.39	升轨	右视53.1	23.8	19.87
景4	本方法	1.54~−1.54	升轨	左视56.8	20.3	3.78
景4	传统方法	1.54~−1.54	升轨	左视56.8	20.3	12.73

角反点号	外业实测高程	ASTER DEM	Global DEM
1	1 087.467	1 098	1 094
2	1 068.961	1 087	1 101
3	1 091.221	1 108	1 122
4	1 090.578	1 096	1 090
5	1 089.080	1 097	1 107
6	1 091.104	1 104	1 121
7	1 092.414	1 095	1 121
8	1 092.992	1 099	1 123
9	1 093.143	1 104	1 119
中误差		±11.240	±24.984

ID	侧视角/（°）	DEM类型	距离向中误差/m	方位向中误差/m	平面中误差/m
验证组Image14	左视19.54	实测高程	1.72	0.22	1.73
		ASTER DEM	11.11	0.59	11.12
		Global DEM	22.46	1.34	22.50
验证组Image9	左视34.99	实测高程	1.12	2.62	2.84
		ASTER DEM	8.96	2.86	9.40
		Global DEM	18.43	3.10	18.68
验证组Image3	左视51.72	实测高程	0.39	1.63	1.67
		ASTER DEM	5.51	1.75	5.78
		Global DEM	11.69	1.89	11.84

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