空天双基雷达杂波建模与分析

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.06.09

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 1806-1815.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.06.09

空天双基雷达杂波建模与分析

阚庆云¹, 许京伟¹^,*, 廖桂生¹, 王伟伟²

1. 西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理全国重点实验室, 陕西西安 710071
2. 中国空间技术研究院西安分院, 陕西西安 710100

收稿日期:2024-04-11 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-09
通讯作者: 许京伟
作者简介:阚庆云(1997—), 女, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为空天双基雷达信号处理、动目标检测、无源双基拒止
许京伟(1987—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为频率分集阵列雷达系统、空时自适应处理
廖桂生(1963—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、空时自适应处理、雷达波形设计、天基预警雷达系统
王伟伟(1982—), 男, 高级工程师, 博士, 主要研究方向为天基雷达系统设计、阵列信号处理、SAR成像
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(61931016);国家自然科学基金(62071344);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2023-JC-JQ-55);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-TBZC-19)

Clutter modeling and analysis for air-space bistatic radar

Qingyun KAN¹, Jingwei XU¹^,*, Guisheng LIAO¹, Weiwei WANG²

1. National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
2. China Academy of Space Technology Xi'an Branch, Xi'an 710100, China

Received:2024-04-11 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-09
Contact: Jingwei XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空天双基雷达系统具有收发平台距离远、收发波束覆盖尺度以及平台速度差异大且发射-接收几何构型复杂的特点。收发分离以及地球自转等因素的影响, 导致空天双基雷达系统杂波谱严重扩展且空时耦合非均匀性更加突出。对此, 建立空天双基雷达空时杂波模型, 该模型适用于任意轨道高度的天基发射平台。主要分析发射/接收天线方向图的波束覆盖差异性, 推导多普勒频率和空间频率的表达式, 并且通过仿真实验讨论不同轨道高度的天基平台对应的发射多普勒分布以及空天双基杂波的空时耦合特性与距离依赖性。仿真结果表明, 所提建模方法适用于任意空天双基构型下的杂波特性分析。

关键词: 空天双基雷达, 杂波建模, 双基等距离环, 收发波束覆盖, 空时耦合

Abstract:

The air-space bistatic radar system has the characteristics of ultra long baseline distance between the transmitter and receiver platforms, large coverage scale of the transmission and reception beams, large diffe-rences in platform speed, and complex geometric structure configuration of transmitter and receiver. Due to factors such as the separation of transmitter and receiver, as well as the rotation of the Earth, the clutter spectrum of the air-space bistatic radar system has significantly expanded and the non-uniformity of spatial-temporal coupling becomes more prominent. Therefore, a spatial-temporal clutter model for air-space bistatic radar is established, which is suitable for space-based launch platforms at any orbital altitude. The main focus is analyzing the differences in beam coverage of the transmission and reception antenna pattern, deriving expressions for Doppler frequency and spatial frequency, and discussing the transmission Doppler distribution corresponding to different orbital heights of space-based platforms through simulation experiments, as well as the spatial-temporal coupling characteristics and range dependence of air-space bistatic clutter. The simulation results indicate that the proposed modeling method is applicable to the analysis of clutter characteristics with any air-space bistatic structure configuration.

Key words: air-space bistatic radar, clutter modeling, bistatic iso-range ring, transmission and reception beam coverage, spatial-temporal coupling

中图分类号:

TN959.73

阚庆云, 许京伟, 廖桂生, 王伟伟. 空天双基雷达杂波建模与分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(6): 1806-1815.

Qingyun KAN, Jingwei XU, Guisheng LIAO, Weiwei WANG. Clutter modeling and analysis for air-space bistatic radar[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(6): 1806-1815.

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平台	参数	数值
平台	参数	中轨卫星	低轨卫星
发射平台	高度/km	15 500	828
	惯性速度/(km/s)	4.2	133(E), 18(N)
	经度和纬度/(°)	7.4	94(E), 45(N)
接收平台	高度/km	25
	速度/(m/s)	120
	经度和纬度/(°)	110(E), 34(N)

参数	数值
接收通道数	8
载波频率/GHz	1.0
波长/m	0.3
通道间距/m	0.15
相干处理脉冲数	32
脉冲重复频率/Hz	1 500

[1]	王成浩, 廖桂生, 许京伟, 曾操. 超长基线双基机载雷达空时杂波建模与特性[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38(10): 2258-2266.
[2]	张柏华, 谢文冲, 王永良, 张永顺. 基于最大似然估计的机载双基地雷达杂波抑制方法[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2010, 32(8): 1590-1595.

空天双基雷达杂波建模与分析

Clutter modeling and analysis for air-space bistatic radar

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