V形布置深水多波束声呐测深方法改进

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.06.10

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 1816-1823.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.06.10

V形布置深水多波束声呐测深方法改进

徐辉¹^,², 王舒文¹^,³^,*, 刘晓东¹^,³^,⁴, 郑旭¹, 刘正凯¹

1. 中国科学院声学研究所海洋声学技术实验室, 北京 100190
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3. 北京市海洋声学装备工程技术研究中心, 北京 100190
4. 中国科学院声学研究所声学与海洋信息国家重点实验室, 北京 100190

收稿日期:2024-04-29 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-09
通讯作者: 王舒文
作者简介:徐辉(1997—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为海洋声学技术与声信号处理
王舒文(1987—), 女, 副研究员, 硕士, 主要研究方向为海洋声学信号处理
刘晓东(1977—), 男, 研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为海洋声学技术与声信号处理、高分辨率水下声成像
郑旭(1997—), 男, 助理工程师, 硕士, 主要研究方向为海洋测绘
刘正凯(2000—), 男, 主要研究方向为海洋测绘

Improvement of V-shaped deep-water multi-beam sonar bathymetry method

Hui XU¹^,², Shuwen WANG¹^,³^,*, Xiaodong LIU¹^,³^,⁴, Xu ZHENG¹, Zhengkai LIU¹

1. Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics Technology, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Acoustic Equipment; Beijing 100190, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Acoustics and Marine Information, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2024-04-29 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-09
Contact: Shuwen WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对V形布置深水多波束测深声呐(multibeam echo sounder, MBES)相较于同尺度平面T形布置声呐接收波束宽度变宽, 导致海底镜像回波区域测深效果欠佳的问题, 提出一种基于分扇区反卷积和目标回波区间确定的改进测深方法。该方法通过分扇区反卷积算法对常规波束形成(conventional beamforming, CBF)输出进行处理, 缩小接收波束宽度和降低旁瓣级, 从而提升海底镜像回波区域的测深精度和测深分辨力。另外, 在CBF输出的基础上采用多次检测算法确定发射扇区的目标回波区间, 降低由分扇区反卷积算法所带来的高计算负载。仿真实验表明, 所提方法一方面可提升测深分辨力, 相较于传统测深方法能够获得更清晰的海底目标形状及图像；另一方面可提高测深精度, 在不同海底地形场景下, 相比于传统测深方法均能提高70%以上。采用多次检测算法预先确定目标回波区间大幅度提高了计算效率, 在不同海底地形场景下计算时间提升率均在96%以上, 方便方法后续实时化应用。此外, 海试数据进一步证明该方法在实际工程应用的可行性, 测深精度相较于传统测深方法提升了37.66%。

关键词: 多波束测深声呐, V形布置, 测深方法, 分扇区反卷积, 目标回波区间确定

Abstract:

An improved bathymetry method based on sector-divided deconvolution and target echo interval determination is proposed to address the issue of V-shaped deep-water multibeam echo sounder (MBES) receiving beam width being wider than that of T-shaped sonar with the same scale, leading to poor bathymetry effect in the mirror echo region of seabed. This method improves the bathymetry accuracy and resolution of the mirror echo region of the seabed by processing the conventional beamforming (CBF) output through the sector-divided deconvolution algorithm, resulting in a reduction of the receiving beam-width and sidelobe level. Additionally, the high computing load caused by the sector-divided deconvolution algorithm is decreased by using the multi-detection algorithm to determine the target echo interval of the transmitted sector based on the CBF output. The simulation results demonstrate that, in comparison to conventional bathymetry methods, the proposed method enhances bathymetry resolution and yields more distinct shapes and images of submarine targets. On the other hand, in various scenarios of seabed terrain, the accuracy of bathymetry is enhanced, with on improvement of exceeding 70% when compared to conventional bathymetry methods. The calculation efficiency is significantly increased by using multiple detection algorithms to determine the target echo interval beforehand. In various scenarios involving seabed terrain, the calculation time increase rate exceeds 96%, making the method convenient for subsequent real-time application. The sea test data also demonstrates the viability of the proposed method in real-world engineering applications, and it improves sounding accuracy over the conventional bathymetry method by 37.66%.

Key words: multibeam echo sounder (MBES), V-shaped installation, bathymetry method, sector-divided deconvolution, target echo interval determination

中图分类号:

O427.9

徐辉, 王舒文, 刘晓东, 郑旭, 刘正凯. V形布置深水多波束声呐测深方法改进[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(6): 1816-1823.

Hui XU, Shuwen WANG, Xiaodong LIU, Xu ZHENG, Zhengkai LIU. Improvement of V-shaped deep-water multi-beam sonar bathymetry method[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(6): 1816-1823.

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参数	参数值
发射声源级/dB	220
信号频率/kHz	10~15
采样频率/kHz	128
声传播速度/(m/s)	1 500
扩展损失	球面扩展
吸收系数/(dB/m)	0.001
噪声级/dB	80
阵元幅度误差	N(1, 0.1²)
阵元相位误差	U(－15, 15)

海底类型	迭代次数	测深精度/m	提升率/%
海底1	0	2.848	—
	5	0.664	76.67
	10	0.684	75.98
	15	0.970	65.93
	20	1.143	59.88
	25	1.337	53.06
	30	1.482	47.97
海底2	0	17.43	—
	5	2.18	87.48
	10	2.11	87.88
	15	2.20	87.35
	20	2.31	86.70
	25	2.42	86.09
	30	2.58	85.16
海底3	0	13.84	—
	5	4.98	64.02
	10	4.14	70.09
	15	3.96	71.37
	20	3.93	71.57
	25	4.26	69.19
	30	4.51	67.42

海底类型	迭代次数	计算时间
海底类型	迭代次数	策略1/s	策略2/s	提升率/%
海底1	5	13.886	0.396	97.15
	10	14.457	0.416	97.12
	15	14.789	0.436	97.05
	20	15.276	0.444	97.09
	25	15.890	0.449	97.17
	30	17.045	0.466	97.27
海底2	5	13.488	0.515	96.18
	10	14.004	0.541	96.14
	15	14.637	0.573	96.09
	20	14.844	0.582	96.08
	25	15.557	0.592	96.19
	30	16.022	0.605	96.22
海底3	5	40.199	1.406	96.50
	10	43.599	1.462	96.65
	15	44.165	1.476	96.66
	20	45.915	1.539	96.65
	25	47.569	1.589	96.66
	30	48.556	1.668	96.57

迭代次数	测深精度/m	提升率/%
0	10.062	—
10	6.273	37.66

V形布置深水多波束声呐测深方法改进

Improvement of V-shaped deep-water multi-beam sonar bathymetry method

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