基于元模型的无人机蜂群指控体系建模与抗毁性分析方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.08.20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对无人机蜂群指控体系复杂、现有框架适用性差、验证不足等问题，提出基于元模型的无人机蜂群指控体系建模与抗毁性分析方法。首先，构建无人机蜂群指控体系元模型，基于元模型从全局视角、作战视角和系统视角对“主控节点-子群”指控体系建模。然后，为了验证指控体系抗毁性，将体系模型建模为指控网络，基于复杂网络理论从通信能力和作战能力角度提出体系抗毁性综合分析方法。最后，对想定案例进行分析，结果表明所提指控体系抗毁性较好，验证了所提无人机蜂群指控体系建模和抗毁性分析方法的有效性。所提方法可为无人机蜂群指控体系建模提供框架指导和验证支持。

关键词: 蜂群指控体系, 元模型, 指控网络, 复杂网络, 抗毁性分析

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of complexity, poor applicability of existing frameworks, and insufficient verification in the drone swarm command and control (C2) system, a drone swarm C2 system modeling and resistance analysis method is proposed based on the meta-model. Firstly, the meta-model of the drone swarm C2 system is constructed, and the “master node-subgroup” C2 system is modeled from the global view, operational view and system view based on the meta-model. Then, to verify the system’s resilience, the system model is modeling into the C2 network model, and a comprehensive resilience assessment method is proposed from the perspectives of communication and operational capabilities using complex network theory. Finally, the hypothetical case is analyzed, and the results show that the proposed C2 system is better in terms of resistance, which verifies the effectiveness of the drone swarm C2 system modeling and resistance analysis method. The proposed method can provide framework guidance and validation support for drone swarm C2 system modeling.

Key words: drone swarm command and control (C2) system, meta-model, C2 network, complex network, resilience analysis

中图分类号:

E 91

赵子俊, 陈士涛, 胡钢, 王文飞. 基于元模型的无人机蜂群指控体系建模与抗毁性分析方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(8): 2739-2752.

Zijun ZHAO, Shitao CHEN, Gang HU, Wenfei WANG. Meta-model-based modeling and resilience analysis method for drone swarm command and control system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(8): 2739-2752.

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元模型	概念
实体	指控体系中具有独立功能或属性的单元或组织
任务	从指挥角度对体系完成任务的阶段划分与执行逻辑
能力	实体完成任务所需资源、技能或属性的集合，与实体相关联
关系	指控体系实体间交互或依赖关系，主要依据等级关系来确定
接口	实体间指控通信的标准化通道，定义数据格式、协议等
活动	任务执行过程中的具体操作或流程
系统	实体中实现相关能力的承载体，分实体描述
功能	系统支撑实体实现所需能力的服务或操作，分系统描述

顺序	视图	所需元模型
1	顶层概念视图	实体、任务
2	能力规划视图	任务、能力
3	组织关系视图	实体、关系
4	资源交互视图	实体、关系、接口
5	作战活动视图	实体、任务、活动
6	系统分解视图	实体、系统
7	功能分解视图	实体、系统、功能

元模型	定义
实体元模型	地面指控中心、运输机、侦察/干扰/攻击无人机、侦察卫星、作战对象等
任务元模型	地面准备、编队飞行、探测引导、干扰诱骗、突防打击、回收返航
能力元模型	通信能力、任务规划、指挥控制、智能协同等
关系元模型	指控关系、隶属关系、协同关系等
接口元模型	卫星通信接口、卫星图像接口、无线电接口、Ad-hoc接口等
活动元模型	无人机蜂群投放、无人机蜂群编组、编队协同、导航定位等
系统元模型	侦察与指挥系统、对抗防御系统、自主协同系统、电子战系统等
功能元模型	红外/光电传感器、自组网系统、通信中继系统、合成孔径雷达等

节点类型	S	D	I
S	$ S\rightarrow S $	$ S\rightarrow D $	$ S\rightarrow I $
D	$ D\rightarrow S $	$ D\rightarrow D $	−
I	−	−	$ I\rightarrow I $

指控体系视图	对应网络模型要素
顶层概念视图	根据实体定义明确网络节点类型及其数量；根据指控体系架构明确网络基本结构为分层拓扑结构
能力规划视图	根据能力规划明确指控网络的性能需求，确定无人机蜂群网络抗毁性标准；根据网络抗毁性对体系能力的支撑作用，明确体系抗毁性从通信能力和作战能力角度分析
组织关系视图	根据实体间关系明确节点组织关系；根据指挥层级明确网络层次结构划分为侦察层、指挥层、作战层
资源交互视图	根据实体间资源交互关系确定节点连边结构；根据资源流向确定网络连边方向为单向或双向
作战活动视图	根据交战过程描述，明确根据节点被毁分析网络性能变化，确定模拟作战的网络抗毁性分析方案；根据作战方式确定体系作战环结构，确定无人机蜂群内部侦察-干扰-攻击无人机节点的打击链路
系统分解视图	根据系统分解明确节点的异构特性，确定同构节点和异构节点
功能分解视图	根据实体功能属性将节点分类为侦察型、决策型、打击型；根据节点属性确定同构、异构节点间互联逻辑，确定网络动态连接规则