基于DDS频率微跃的晶振精密驯服方法研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.05.26

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 1706-1714.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.05.26

基于DDS频率微跃的晶振精密驯服方法研究

郝伊康¹, 梁坤¹^,²^,³^,*, 余沺¹, 赵俊良¹, 韦宝盈¹, 李雨峰¹, 何之煜⁴

1. 北京交通大学自动化与智能学院，北京 100044
2. 北京交通大学先进轨道交通自主运行全国重点实验室，北京 100044
3. 北京市轨道交通电磁兼容与卫星导航工程技术研究中心，北京 100044
4. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司通信信号研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-02-11 出版日期:2026-05-27 发布日期:2026-05-27
通讯作者: 梁坤
作者简介:郝伊康（2002—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为GNSS时间频率传递及晶振、铷钟驯服控制算法
余　沺（2000—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为GNSS时间频率传递与晶振、铷钟驯服控制算法
赵俊良（1980—），男，讲师，硕士，主要研究方向为精密测量/计量、时间和频率、卫星导航
韦宝盈（2000—），女，博士研究生，主要研究方向为GNSS时频传递与同步、原子时标算法
李雨峰（2001—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为GNSS时间频率传递、GNSS接收机硬件时延校准
何之煜（1992—），男，副研究员，博士，主要研究方向为列车运行优化、铁路信号
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（12473072）；泰山产业领军人才(tscx202408155)；烟台市重大科技创新工程（2024ZDCX002）资助课题

Research on precision taming method of crystal oscillators based on DDS frequency micro-step

Yikang HAO¹, Kun LIANG¹^,²^,³^,*, Tian YU¹, Junliang ZHAO¹, Baoying WEI¹, Yufeng LI¹, Zhiyu HE⁴

1. School of Automation and Intelligence，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
3. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Satellite Navigation，Beijing 100044，China
4. Signal & Communication Research Institute，China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2025-02-11 Online:2026-05-27 Published:2026-05-27
Contact: Kun LIANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对晶振传统压控调频方法调频精度低的缺陷，研究基于直接数字频率合成（direct digital synthesis, DDS）频率微跃的恒温晶体振荡器驯服控制与时间保持方法。通过自研相位微跃计中DDS模块，实现分辨率达0.6 μHz的频率调整，为改善晶振驯服性能提供了条件。驯服控制算法基于全球导航卫星系统时间传递原理以及比例-积分-微分（proportion-integral-differential, PID）控制算法设计，通过分析钟差数据优化PID控制模型，有效提升晶振驯服控制性能。实验结果表明，基于DDS频率微跃的晶振驯服控制算法在平均时间为一天的时频率稳定度可达1.09×10^?13，时间稳定度可达9.46×10^?10 s，在99%以上的情况与参考频率源的时间偏差保持在±25 ns内，时差标准差为8.49 ns，证明了所提方法的有效性。

关键词: 恒温晶体振荡器, 相位微跃计, 直接数字频率合成, 时钟驯服, 比例-积分-微分控制算法, 全球导航卫星系统时间传递

Abstract:

Aiming at the low frequency modulation accuracy of traditional voltage controlled frequency modulation methods for crystal oscillators, the taming and controlling and time holding method of oven-controlled crystal oscillators is investigated based on direct digital synthesis （DDS） frequency micro-step. By using the DDS module in the self-developed phase micro-stepper, frequency adjustment with a resolution of 0.6 μHz is achieved, providing conditions for improving the taming performance of crystal oscillators. The taming and controlling algorithm is based on the time transfer principle of global navigation satellite systems and the design of proportion-integral-differential （PID） control algorithm. By analyzing clock error data, the PID control model is optimized to effectively improve the taming and controlling performance of crystal oscillators. The experimental results show that the crystal oscillator taming and controlling algorithm based on DDS frequency micro-step can achieve a frequency stability of 1.09×10^?13 and a time stability of 9.46×10^?10 s with an average time of one day. In more than 99% of cases, the time deviation from the reference frequency source remains within ±25 ns, and the standard deviation of the time difference is 8.49 ns, proving the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), phase micro-stepper, direct digital synthesis (DDS), clock discipline, proportion-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time transfer

中图分类号:

TB 939

郝伊康, 梁坤, 余沺, 赵俊良, 韦宝盈, 李雨峰, 何之煜. 基于DDS频率微跃的晶振精密驯服方法研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(5): 1706-1714.

Yikang HAO, Kun LIANG, Tian YU, Junliang ZHAO, Baoying WEI, Yufeng LI, Zhiyu HE. Research on precision taming method of crystal oscillators based on DDS frequency micro-step[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(5): 1706-1714.

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参数	时差范围/ns
参数	\|∆t\|≤10	\|∆t\|≤20	\|∆t\|≤25
点数/总点数	34 945/39 303	38 433/39 303	39 086/39 303
占比/%	88.91	97.79	99.45

平均时间/s	时间稳定度/s	频率稳定度
1 000	2.172×10⁻⁹	7.641×10⁻¹¹
10 000	4.470×10⁻⁹	1.253×10⁻¹²
86 400	9.46×10⁻¹⁰	1.09×10⁻¹³
100 000	1.114×10⁻⁹	2.22×10⁻¹³

平均时间/s	本文使用晶振	文献[10]使用晶振	文献[11]使用晶振
100	7.300 4×10⁻⁹	3.81×10⁻¹²	4.49×10⁻¹²
1 000	1.240 9×10⁻⁸	5.96×10⁻¹²	1.33×10⁻¹¹
10 000	3.323 8×10⁻⁸	1.31×10⁻¹¹	6.89×10⁻¹¹

平均时间/s	本文控制方式	文献[10]压控控制	文献[11]压控控制
100	6.638 6×10⁻¹¹	7.41×10⁻¹¹	5.88×10⁻¹²
1 000	7.641×10⁻¹²	9.71×10⁻¹²	4.89×10⁻¹²
10 000	1.253×10⁻¹²	1.99×10⁻¹²	2.02×10⁻¹²

平均时间/s	本文驯服控制方法	GPSDO
1	1.354 3×10⁻¹⁰	2.376 6×10⁻¹¹
10	3.858 6×10⁻¹¹	5.468×10⁻¹²
100	6.638 6×10⁻¹¹	1.875×10⁻¹²
1 000	7.461×10⁻¹²	2.431×10⁻¹²
10 000	1.253×10⁻¹²	8.02×10⁻¹³

基于DDS频率微跃的晶振精密驯服方法研究

Research on precision taming method of crystal oscillators based on DDS frequency micro-step

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平均时间/s	文中使用晶振	PRS10
1	2.669 8×10⁻⁹	2.510 0×10⁻¹¹
10	3.679 6×10⁻⁹	6.722×10⁻¹²
100	7.300 4×10⁻⁹	3.800×10⁻¹²
1 000	1.240 9×10⁻⁸	2.503×10⁻¹²
10 000	3.323 8×10⁻⁸	9.32×10⁻¹³