双模三维OFDM索引调制方案设计与低复杂度检测

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.04.31

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 1422-1430.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.04.31

• 通信与网络 • 上一篇

双模三维OFDM索引调制方案设计与低复杂度检测

王光平¹^,²(), 白智全¹^,²^,*, 代健³, 王恒¹^,², 郝新红³, 闫晓鹏³

1. 山东大学信息科学与工程学院，山东青岛 266237
2. 山东省智能通信与感算融合重点实验室，山东青岛 266237
3. 北京理工大学机电学院，北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-12-23 修回日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-05-23 发布日期:2025-05-23
通讯作者: 白智全 E-mail:295532249@qq.com
作者简介:王光平（1988—），男，助理工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为高效多维度调制、正交频分复用技术优化设计
代　健（1994—），男，博士后，主要研究方向为无线通信与雷达、无线电引信干扰/抗干扰、认知电子对抗
王　恒（2002—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为正交时频空调制高速通信、信号处理
郝新红（1974—），女，教授，博士，主要研究方向无线信号处理、无线信息测量与控制
闫晓鹏（1976—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为信号处理、近感探测、无线电引信干扰与抗干扰
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（U23A20277，61871414，61771291）；山东省自然科学基金联合基金（ZR2021LZH003）资助课题

Design of dual-mode 3D OFDM index modulation scheme and low complexity detection

Guangping WANG¹^,²(), Zhiquan BAI¹^,²^,*, Jian DAI³, Heng WANG¹^,², Xinhong HAO³, Xiaopeng YAN³

1. School of Information Science and Engineering，Shandong University，Qingdao 266237，China
2. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communications and Sensing-Computing Convergence，Shandong Province，Qingdao 266237，China
3. School of Mechatronical Engineering，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2024-12-23 Revised:2025-03-27 Online:2025-05-23 Published:2025-05-23
Contact: Zhiquan BAI E-mail:295532249@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对正交频分复用索引调制（orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-index modulation，OFDM-IM）技术在频谱效率与可靠性权衡中面临的挑战，提出一种双模三维OFDM-IM（dual-mode three dimensional-OFDM-IM，DM-3D-OFDM-IM）方案。该方案基于传统OFDM-IM设计了DM-3D星座调制，通过在激活子载波上加载两种3D星座符号，在额外增加子载波激活模式的同时，进一步增大星座点间最小欧式距离，可有效提升系统频谱效率，改善系统可靠性。同时，提出基于贪婪检测的对数似然比检测算法，并采用联合边界技术推导了系统平均比特错误概率（average bit error probability，ABEP）。仿真结果表明，相较于传统OFDM-IM方案，所提DM-3D-OFDM-IM方案的ABEP性能得到明显提升，且所提检测算法具有可靠性高、复杂度低的特点。

关键词: 正交频分复用索引调制, 双模三维星座调制, 对数似然比, 平均比特错误概率

Abstract:

A dual-mode three dimensional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-index modulation （DM-3D-OFDM-IM） system is proposed to address the challenges of OFDM-IM technology in balancing the spectral efficiency and reliability. This scheme designs a dual-mode 3D constellation modulation based on traditional OFDM-IM. By loading two types of 3D constellation symbols onto active subcarriers, it increases the minimum Euclidean distance between constellation points while introducing an additional subcarrier activation mode, thereby effectively improving system spectral efficiency and enhancing system reliability. Meanwhile, a greedy detection based log-likelihood ratio detection algorithm is proposed, and the average bit error probability （ABEP） of the system is derived using the joint boundary technique. Simulation results show that the proposed DM-3D-OFDM-IM scheme achieves much better ABEP performance compared with the traditional OFDM-IM schemes, and the proposed detection algorithm has the characteristics of high reliability and low complexity.

Key words: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-index modulation(OFDM-IM), dual-mode three dimensional constellation modulation, log-likelihood ratio, average bit error probability(ABEP)

中图分类号:

TN 911.3

王光平, 白智全, 代健, 王恒, 郝新红, 闫晓鹏. 双模三维OFDM索引调制方案设计与低复杂度检测[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(4): 1422-1430.

Guangping WANG, Zhiquan BAI, Jian DAI, Heng WANG, Xinhong HAO, Xiaopeng YAN. Design of dual-mode 3D OFDM index modulation scheme and low complexity detection[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(4): 1422-1430.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

表1

信息比特到子载波激活模式的映射规则表"

信息比特	子载波激活模式${{{i}}_g}$	子块发送信号${{\boldsymbol{X}}_g}$
$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&0&0 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left\{ {\left\{ 1 \right\},\left\{ 2 \right\}} \right\}$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}}&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}}&0&0 \end{array}} \right]$
$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&{0\,}&1 \end{array}} \right]$	$ \left\{ {\left\{ 2 \right\},\left\{ 1 \right\}} \right\} $	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}}&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}}&0&0 \end{array}} \right]$
$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&{1\,}&0 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left\{ {\left\{ 3 \right\},\left\{ 4 \right\}} \right\}$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&0&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}}&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}} \end{array}} \right]$
$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&{\,1\,}&1 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left\{ {\left\{ 4 \right\},\left\{ 3 \right\}} \right\}$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&0&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}}&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}} \end{array}} \right]$
$ \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&{\,0}&0 \end{array}} \right] $	$\left\{ {\left\{ 1 \right\},\left\{ 4 \right\}} \right\}$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}}&0&0&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}} \end{array}} \right]$
$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&{\,0\,}&1 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left\{ {\left\{ 4 \right\},\left\{ 1 \right\}} \right\}$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}}&0&0&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}} \end{array}} \right]$
$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&{\,1\,}&0 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left\{ {\left\{ 2 \right\},\left\{ 3 \right\}} \right\}$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}}&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}}&0 \end{array}} \right]$
$\left[ {\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&{\,1\,}&1 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left\{ {\left\{ 3 \right\},\left\{ 2 \right\}} \right\}$	$ \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{B}}&{{\boldsymbol{S}}_g^\text{A}}&0 \end{array}} \right] $

表1

表2

表3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

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信息比特	${{\mathcal{M}}_\text{A}}$	${{\mathcal{M}}_\text{B}}$
$ \left[ {0\,\;\,0} \right] $	${\boldsymbol{s}}_1^\text{A} = {\left[ {0.5774\;\;0.5774\;\;0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}}$	$ {\boldsymbol{s}}_1^\text{B} = {\left[ {{{ - }}0.5774\;\;0.5774\;\;0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}} $
$\left[ {0\;\,\;1} \right]$	${\boldsymbol{s}}_2^\text{A} = {\left[ {-0.5774\;\;-0.5774\;\;0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}}$	$ {\boldsymbol{s}}_2^\text{B} = {\left[ {0.5774\;\;-0.5774\;\;0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}} $
$\left[ {1\;\;\,0} \right]$	${\boldsymbol{s}}_3^\text{A} = {\left[ {0.5774\;\;-0.5774\;\;-0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}}$	$ {\boldsymbol{s}}_3^\text{B} = {\left[ {0.5774\;\;0.5774\;\;-0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}} $
$\left[ {1\;\;\,\;1} \right]$	${\boldsymbol{s}}_4^\text{A} = {\left[ {-0.5774\;\;0.5774\;\;-0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}}$	$ {\boldsymbol{s}}_4^\text{B} = {\left[ {-0.5774\;\;-0.5774\;\;-0.5774} \right]^{\mathrm{T}}} $

参数	配置
系统子载波数N	512
L_cp	16
信道	瑞利衰落信道
信道估计方式	理想
解调方式	ML/GD-LLR

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双模三维OFDM索引调制方案设计与低复杂度检测

Design of dual-mode 3D OFDM index modulation scheme and low complexity detection

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