基于IPSO算法的多场景最优基站分布研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.04.17

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 1283-1291.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.04.17

• 系统工程 • 上一篇

基于IPSO算法的多场景最优基站分布研究

李帅辰¹^,²^,³(), 武建锋¹^,²^,³^,*(), 刘晓燕¹^,³

1. 中国科学院国家授时中心，陕西西安 710699
2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3. 时间基准及应用重点实验室（中国科学院），陕西西安 710699

收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-05-09 接受日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-03-31 发布日期:2026-03-31
通讯作者: 武建锋 E-mail:lishuaichen21@mails.ucas.ac.cn;wujianf@ntsc.ac.cn
作者简介:李帅辰（2000—），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为高精度室内定位
刘晓燕（1991—），女，助理研究员，博士，主要研究方向为多源融合室内外无缝定位、5G/IMU智能融合新方法等

Research on optimal base station distribution in multiple scenarios based on IPSO algorithm

Shuaichen LI¹^,²^,³(), Jianfeng WU¹^,²^,³^,*(), Xiaoyan LIU¹^,³

1. National Time Service Center，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Xi’an 710699，China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049
3. Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Xi’an 710699，China

Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-05-09 Accepted:2026-03-10 Online:2026-03-31 Published:2026-03-31
Contact: Jianfeng WU E-mail:lishuaichen21@mails.ucas.ac.cn;wujianf@ntsc.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对基站定位中合理布设基站的问题，研究基于改进粒子群优化算法的多场景室内定位中的最优基站分布问题。首先，计算不同基站数量对应水平精度因子（horizontal dilution of precision，HDOP）的理论最小值，给出实际工程中建议的基站数量；然后，进行仿真实验，使用IPSO算法计算出矩形、圆形、“L”形和“回”形等多场景中不同基站数量下最优的基站分布方法；最后，研究了HDOP与基站网半径之间的关系。仿真结果显示，基站网半径与HDOP为非线性反比例关系，存在一个最优的基站网半径。研究为多场景室内定位系统中基站的合理分布提供了理论依据和实践指导，有助于推动室内定位技术的进一步完善和发展。

关键词: 室内定位, 基站分布, 改进粒子群算法, 水平精度因子

Abstract:

To address the problem of reasonable deployment of base stations in base station positioning, this paper investigates the optimal base station distribution problem in multiple-scenario indoor localization based on improved particle swarm optimization （IPSO） algorithm. Firstly, the theoretical minimum value of horizontal dilution of precision （HDOP） corresponding to different numbers of base stations is calculated and the recommended number of base stations for practical engineering is provided. Next, simulation experiments are conducted using the IPSO algorithm to calculate the optimal base station distribution schemes corresponding to different numbers of base stations in multiple scenarios such as rectangle, circle, “L” shape, and “loop” shape. Finally, the relationship between HDOP and base station network radius is studied, and simulation results show that there is a nonlinear inverse proportional relationship between base station network radius and HDOP, indicating the existence of an optimal base station network radius. This study provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for the reasonable distribution of base stations in multi scenario indoor positioning systems, which helps to promote the further improvement and development of indoor positioning technology.

Key words: indoor positioning, base station distribution, improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP)

中图分类号:

TN 929.5

李帅辰, 武建锋, 刘晓燕. 基于IPSO算法的多场景最优基站分布研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(4): 1283-1291.

Shuaichen LI, Jianfeng WU, Xiaoyan LIU. Research on optimal base station distribution in multiple scenarios based on IPSO algorithm[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(4): 1283-1291.

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基站数量	HDOP最小值	HDOP减小量
3	1.1547	0
4	1.000	0.1547
5	0.8944	0.1056
6	0.8165	0.0779
7	0.7559	0.0606
8	0.7071	0.0488

迭代次数	PSO计算结果	IPSO计算结果
1	2.333	2.097
3	1.581	1.325
5	1.581	1.284
7	1.414	1.284
9	1.358	1.277
11	1.308	1.241
13	1.279	1.241
15	1.257	1.24
17	1.244	1.239
19	1.244	1.239
21	1.244	1.239
23	1.241	1.239
25	1.24	1.239
27	1.24	1.239
29	1.24	1.239
31	1.239	1.239
33	1.239	1.239

基站数量	最小HDOP均值
4	1.24
5	1.09
6	0.97

基站数量	最小HDOP均值
4	1.6
5	1.44
6	1.3

基站数量	最小HDOP均值
4	1.11
5	0.99
6	0.92

基于IPSO算法的多场景最优基站分布研究

Research on optimal base station distribution in multiple scenarios based on IPSO algorithm

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基站数量/个	最小HDOP均值
4	1.13
5	1.03
6	0.93

基站网半径/m	HDOP
5	1.50
10	1.38
15	1.34
20	1.31
25	1.30
30	1.30