基于FrFT的MIMO声纳水下运动小目标参数估计算法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.09.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对运动目标参数估计精度较低且运算量较大的问题，提出一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的目标参数联合快速估计算法。该算法利用线性调频信号在分数域能量分布的聚焦特性，采用分数域滤波方法分离出感兴趣的目标信号，从而避免强干扰目标的影响；通过分析分数域内目标回波的能量分布与目标参数的关系，采用四阶分数谱原点矩的思想实现对最优旋转阶数的精细搜索。仿真与实验处理结果证明，所提方法兼具计算速度与估计精度的优势，在抑制强干扰的同时使得参数估计误差更小，可提高对水下运动小目标探测的准确性。

关键词: 多输入多输出声纳, 运动目标探测, 四阶分数谱原点矩, 目标参数估计

Abstract:

Addressing the issue of low accuracy and high computational complexity in estimating motion target parameters, a joint fast estimation algorithm for target parameters based on fractional Fourier transform is proposed. By using the focusing property of linear frequency modulation signal energy distribution in fractional domain, the target signals of interest are separated by fractional domain filtering to avoid the influence of strong interference targets. By analyzing the relationship between the energy distribution of target echo and target parameters in the fractional domain, the idea of the fourth-order origin moment of fractional spectrum is used for precise search of the optimal rotation order. Simulation and experimental processing results prove that the proposed method has the advantages of both computation speed and estimation accuracy. It obtains smaller parameter estimation error while strong interference is suppressed, and improves the accuracy of underwater moving small target detection.

Key words: multiple input multiple output (MIMO) sonar, moving target detection, fourth-order origin moment of fractional spectrum, target parameter estimation

中图分类号:

TN 911.7

高宁, 许枫, 杨娟. 基于FrFT的MIMO声纳水下运动小目标参数估计算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(9): 2797-2807.

Ning GAO, Feng XU, Juan YANG. Parameter estimation algorithm of underwater moving small target in MIMO sonar based on FrFT[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(9): 2797-2807.

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估计算法	运算精度	运算次数	运算时间/s
FrFT粗估计法	0.1	O（20Nlog₂N）	0.19706
FrFT二维搜索法	0.01	O（200Nlog₂N）	0.49456
	0.001	O（2000Nlog₂N）	2.44234
	0.0001	O（20000Nlog₂N）	40.05195
速度精细搜索法	0.0001	O（4000Nlog₂N）	6.12288
黄金分割搜索法	0.001	O（16Nlog₂N）	0.24161
所提方法	0.01	O（36Nlog₂N+34N）	0.39491
	0.001	O（50Nlog₂N+48N）	0.43048
	0.0001	O（64Nlog₂N+62N）	0.60214

目标速度/（m/s）	估计速度/（m/s）	多普勒因子真实值	多普勒因子估计值
1.0	0.7434	0.9987	0.9990
2.5	2.2562	0.9967	0.9970
5	4.6500	0.9934	0.9938
7.5	7.2732	0.9900	0.9903
10	9.7393	0.9868	0.9871

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