复杂环境下天基无源协同多目标初始定轨方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.05.03

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 1404-1413.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.05.03

• 电子技术 • 上一篇

复杂环境下天基无源协同多目标初始定轨方法

张洪源¹, 龚柏春¹^,*, 韩飞², 孙玥², 宁昕³

1. 南京航空航天大学航天学院, 江苏南京 211106
2. 上海航天控制技术研究所, 上海 201109
3. 西北工业大学航天学院, 陕西西安 710072

收稿日期:2024-05-22 出版日期:2025-06-11 发布日期:2025-06-18
通讯作者: 龚柏春
作者简介:张洪源 (2000—)，男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为空间目标无源协同探测与跟踪
龚柏春 (1987—)，男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为空间非合作目标态势感知、飞行器集群导航与控制
韩飞 (1985—)，男，研究员，博士，主要研究方向为空间操控
孙玥 (1987—)，女，工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为空间操控动力学与控制
宁昕 (1982—)，男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为复杂空间系统设计、动力学建模与控制
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(12272168);国家自然科学基金(42271448);空间智能控制技术全国重点实验室开放基金(HTKJ2023KL502015)

Space-based passive cooperative multi-target initial orbit determination method in complex environments

Hongyuan ZHANG¹, Baichun GONG¹^,*, Fei HAN², Yue SUN², Xin NING³

1. College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
2. Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China
3. School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Received:2024-05-22 Online:2025-06-11 Published:2025-06-18
Contact: Baichun GONG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在天基无源协同多目标测角数据关联与多目标初始定轨任务背景下, 针对传感器杂波和漏检的复杂环境下传统方法关联误匹配率高导致定轨精度差的问题, 提出一种基于参数修正和聚类估计的多目标数据关联与多目标初始定轨方法。首先, 建立包含地球非球形J2项和月球引力摄动的动力学模型与视线角测量模型, 推导传感器杂波与漏检模型并构建模拟数据生成器。然后, 根据量测关联度评价指标构建数据关联代价矩阵, 提出基于参数修正和聚类估计的代价矩阵处理方法, 并应用最优分配算法求解关联结果。接着, 根据协同关联结果和时序关联结果求出全局关联结果, 并参照全局关联结果求解多目标的轨道速度。最后, 以对地球静止轨道邻域的10个目标进行协同观测为例, 通过数值打靶仿真实验对所提方法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明, 所提方法能够有效抵抗传感器杂波与漏检的影响, 提高关联准确性与多目标初始定轨精度, 相对定轨误差小于1%。

关键词: 空间态势感知, 无源探测, 数据关联, 协同定轨, 多目标跟踪

Abstract:

In the context of the space-based passive cooperative multi-target angular data association and initial orbit determination mission, to address the problem of poor orbit determination accuracy due to the high association mis-match rate of the traditional method in the complex environment where sensor clutter and missed detection are taken into account, a method for multi-target data association and multi-target initial orbit determination based on parameter correction and clustering estimation is proposed. First, a dynamics model incorporating the Earth's non-spherical J2 term and the Moon's gravitational perturbation and line-of-sight angle measurement model are developed, a sensor clutter and missed detection model is derived and a simulated data generator is constructed. Second, the data association cost matrix is constructed according to the evaluation metrics of the measurement association, the cost matrix processing method based on parameter correction and clustering estimation is proposed, and the optimal allocation algorithm is applied to find out the association results. Third, the global associations are derived based on the cooperative associations and the time-series associations, and the multi-target orbit velocities are solved with reference to the global associations. Finally, the proposed method is validated by numerical targeting simulation experiments with coordinated observation of 10 targets in the geostationary Earth orbit neighborhood. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in resisting the influence of sensor clutter and missed detection, improving the association and multi-target initial orbit determination accuracy, and the relative orbit error is less than 1%.

Key words: space situation awareness, passive detection, data association, cooperative orbit determination, multi-target tracking

中图分类号:

张洪源, 龚柏春, 韩飞, 孙玥, 宁昕. 复杂环境下天基无源协同多目标初始定轨方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(5): 1404-1413.

Hongyuan ZHANG, Baichun GONG, Fei HAN, Yue SUN, Xin NING. Space-based passive cooperative multi-target initial orbit determination method in complex environments[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(5): 1404-1413.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

表2

表3

图6

参考文献 16

17	邱建杰, 蔡益朝, 李浩, 等. 基于动态估计反馈的灰色理论航迹关联算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46 (4): 1401- 1411. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.04.29
	QIU J J , CAI Y C , LI H , et al. Grey theory track association algorithm based on dynamic estimation feedback[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46 (4): 1401- 1411. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.04.29
18	HUANG J , LEI X X , ZHAO G Y , et al. Short-arc association and orbit determination for new geo objects with space-based optical surveillance[J]. Aerospace, 2021, 8 (10): 298. doi: 10.3390/aerospace8100298
19	曾舒雅, 饶彬. 基于动力学守恒定律的弹道目标关联方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46 (2): 684- 691. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.02.32
	ZENG S Y , RAO B . Ballistic target association method based on dynamic conservation law[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46 (2): 684- 691. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.02.32
20	龚柏春, 张洪源, 杨世航, 等. 一种天基无源协同多目标观测数据关联定位方法[P]. 中国: CN117249835B, 2024-03-29.
	GONG B C, ZHANG H Y, YANG S H, et al. A space-based passive collaborative localization method via data association for multi-target observation[P]. China: CN117249835B, 2024-03-29.
21	SERRA R , YANEZ C , DELANDE E . Tracklet-to-orbit association under uncertainty applied to maneuvering space objects[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2022, 201, 526- 532. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.08.027
22	KADAR I, EADAN E R, GASSNER R R. Comparison of robustized assignment algorithms[C]//Proc. of the Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition, 1997: 240-249.
23	CROUSE D F. Advances in displaying uncertain estimates of multiple targets[C]//Proc. of the SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing Conference, 2013.
24	潘迪, 周琦, 刘轩, 等. 高动态条件下星斑模拟与星点提取方法[J]. 光子学报, 2022, 51 (3): 0304002.
	PAN D , ZHOU Q , LIU X , et al. Modeling and detection of star spot in high dynamic condition[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2022, 51 (3): 0304002.
25	牛海鹏. 天基空间监视系统目标检测技术研究[D]. 长春: 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所, 2024.
	NIU H P. Research on target detection technology of space-based space surveillance system[D]. Changchun: Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Aca-demy of Sciences, 2024.
26	MYERS K A , TAPLEY B D . Dynamical model compensation for near-earth satellite orbit determination[J]. AIAA Journal, 1975, 13 (3): 343- 349. doi: 10.2514/3.49702
27	LUO Y Z , YANG Z . A review of uncertainty propagation in orbital mechanics[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2017, 89, 23- 39. doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2016.12.002
28	AHMED M , SERAJ R , ISLAM S M . The k-means algorithm: a comprehensive survey and performance evaluation[J]. Electronics, 2020, 9 (8): 1295. doi: 10.3390/electronics9081295
29	CROUSE D F . On implementing 2D rectangular assignment algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2016, 52 (4): 1679- 1696. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2016.140952
30	AVANZINI G . A simple lambert algorithm[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2008, 31 (6): 1587- 1594. doi: 10.2514/1.36426
31	NELSON S L , ZARCHAN P . Alternative approach to the solution of Lambert's problem[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1992, 15 (4): 1003- 1009. doi: 10.2514/3.20935
1	PARDINI C , ANSELMO L . Evaluating the impact of space activities in low earth orbit[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2021, 184, 11- 22. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.03.030
2	KENNEWELL J A, VO B N. An overview of space situational awareness[C]//Proc. of the 16th International Conference on Information Fusion, 2013: 1029-1036.
3	WANG B C , LI S , MU J Z , et al. Research advancements in key technologies for space-based situational awareness[J]. Space: Science & Technology, 2022, 1, 176- 207.
4	ZHANG H T , LI Z , WANG W L , et al. Trajectory planning for optical satellite's continuous surveillance of geostationary spacecraft[J]. IEEE Access, 2021, 9, 114282- 114293. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3104539
5	WOFFINDEN D C , GELLER D K . Observability criteria for angles-only navigation[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2009, 45 (3): 1194- 1208. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2009.5259193
6	WOFFINDEN D C. Angles-only navigation for autonomous orbital rendezvous[D]. Logan: Utah State University, 2008.
7	GONG B C , WANG S , LI S , et al. Review of space relative navigation based on angles-only measurements[J]. Astrodyna-mics, 2023, 7 (2): 131- 152. doi: 10.1007/s42064-022-0152-2
8	KOLITZ S E. Passive-sensor data fusion[C]//Proc. of the Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets, 1991.
9	ROECKER J A . Track monitoring when tracking with multiple 2D passive sensors[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1991, 27 (6): 872- 876. doi: 10.1109/7.104247
10	DEB S , YEDDANAPUDI M , PATTIPATI K , et al. A gene-ralized S-D assignment algorithm for multisensor-multitarget state estimation[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1997, 33 (2): 523- 538. doi: 10.1109/7.575891
11	KAPLAN L , BAR-SHALOM Y , BLAIR W . Assignment costs for multiple sensor track-to-track association[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2008, 44 (2): 655- 677. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2008.4560213
12	MA F , LU H Z , ZHANG L P , et al. Multiple hypothesis S-dimensional assignment algorithm for data association of angle-only sensors with limited fields of view[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2022, 16 (11): 1821- 1835.
13	MA M Y , WANG D J , ZHANG T , et al. Track-to-track association algorithm for passive multisensor system based on trajectory parameter[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2021, 15 (4): 348- 358.
14	翟光, 王妍欣, 孙一勇. 基于低轨星网的多目标协同跟踪滤波技术[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44 (6): 1957- 1967.
	ZHAI G , WANG Y X , SUN Y Y . Cooperative tracking filtering technology of multi-target based on low orbit satellite constellation[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44 (6): 1957- 1967.
15	WANG L H, LI Z Y, ZHOU S H, et al. Data association with passive angle measurements[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences, 2021: 313-318.
16	LEGRAND K A , DEMARS K J , PERNICKA H J . Bearings-only initial relative orbit determination[J]. Journal of Gui-dance, Control, and Dynamics, 2015, 38 (9): 1699- 1713. doi: 10.2514/1.G001003

标签	a/km	e	i/(°)	Ω/(°)	ω/(°)	θ/(°)
观测星1	42 164	0	0.01	0	0	89.883 6
观测星2	42 164	0	0	0	0	90.116 4
目标1	43 164	0	0	0	0	90.000 0
目标2	43 164	0	0	0	0	89.867 2
目标3	43 164	0	0	0	0	90.132 7
目标4	43 164	0	0	0	0	90.265 4
目标5	43 164	0	0	0	0	89.734 5
目标6	43 164	0	0	0	0	90.398 2
目标7	43 164	0	0	0	0	89.601 8
目标8	43 164	0	0	0	0	90.531 0
目标9	43 164	0	0	0	0	89.469 0
目标10	43 164	0	0	0	0	90.663 7

检测概率P_D	平均杂波个数λ
检测概率P_D	2.5	5	7.5	10	12.5	15	17.5	20
0.99	0.995	0.990	0.968	0.952	0.943	0.927	0.899	0.882
0.9	0.997	0.991	0.983	0.955	0.950	0.922	0.904	0.890
0.8	0.991	0.978	0.972	0.964	0.936	0.933	0.907	0.891

检测概率P_D	平均杂波个数λ
检测概率P_D	2.5	5	7.5	10	12.5	15	17.5	20
0.99	0.992	0.984	0.977	0.952	0.947	0.927	0.923	0.875
0.9	0.992	0.986	0.983	0.969	0.947	0.924	0.900	0.896
0.8	0.998	0.989	0.981	0.959	0.942	0.929	0.906	0.907

[1]	潘超凡, 李润生, 胡庆, 包全福, 保永强. 基于惯性预测的遥感场景舰船多目标跟踪模型[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(1): 41-51.
[2]	单靖原, 卢雨, 凌寒羽. 鲁棒自适应的机载外辐射源雷达多目标跟踪算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(9): 2902-2915.
[3]	江林海, 龚柏春, 刘传凯, YANG Yang, 张仁勇. 天基分布式无源探测的空间多目标跟踪方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(8): 2789-2797.
[4]	姚思亦, 李万春, 高林, 张花国, 胡航玮. 基于分布式PMHT的多传感器多目标跟踪[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(7): 2184-2190.
[5]	卓娅玲, 李响, 左磊, 胡娟. 随机数据丢包情况下组网雷达功率分配算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(6): 1957-1966.
[6]	齐美彬, 庄硕, 胡晶晶, 杨艳芳, 胡元奎. 基于联合GLMB滤波器的可分辨群目标跟踪[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(4): 1212-1219.
[7]	曾舒雅, 饶彬. 基于动力学守恒定律的弹道目标关联方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(2): 684-691.
[8]	李瑞, 朱梦韬, 李云杰. 基于逆滤波处理的雷达干扰效果在线评估方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(9): 2706-2717.
[9]	毕文豪, 周杰, 张安, 刘力. 杂波环境下基于最大熵模糊聚类的JPDA算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(7): 1920-1927.
[10]	刘政玮, 陈映, 鲁耀兵. 适用于多目标轨迹小角度交叉的PHD滤波器[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(4): 982-990.
[11]	李浩然, 熊伟, 崔亚奇. 基于深度特征融合的SAR图像与AIS信息关联方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(11): 3491-3497.
[12]	安雷, 李召瑞, 吉兵. 杂波环境下可移动主被动传感器长时调度方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(1): 165-174.
[13]	侯子林, 程婷, 彭瀚. 基于量测转换序贯滤波的GMPHD机动目标跟踪[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(8): 2474-2482.
[14]	翟光, 王妍欣, 孙一勇. 基于低轨星网的多目标协同跟踪滤波技术[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(6): 1957-1967.
[15]	辛怀声, 曹晨. 基于交互多模型的分组δ-广义标签多伯努利算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(4): 1128-1138.

复杂环境下天基无源协同多目标初始定轨方法

Space-based passive cooperative multi-target initial orbit determination method in complex environments

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 16

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价