考虑多元耦合交互作用的飞机硬着陆风险综合评价方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.04.23

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 1265-1274.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.04.23

考虑多元耦合交互作用的飞机硬着陆风险综合评价方法

董磊¹^,², 张元珊³, 陈曦¹^,²^,*, 刘嘉琛¹^,⁴, 彭新麒¹^,⁴

1. 中国民航大学民航航空器适航审定技术重点实验室, 天津 300300
2. 中国民航大学科技创新研究院, 天津 300300
3. 上海飞机试飞工程有限公司, 上海 200232
4. 中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院, 天津 300300

收稿日期:2023-11-15 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-05-28
通讯作者: 陈曦
作者简介:董磊(1983—), 男, 副研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为民机航电系统适航审定
张元珊(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为民机系统安全性设计与评估
陈曦(1987—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为模式识别与图像处理
刘嘉琛(1996—), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为民机航电系统适航审定技术
彭新麒(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为民机系统安全性设计与评估
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费(3122022044)

Comprehensive evaluation method for aircraft hard landing risk considering multiple coupled interactions

Lei DONG¹^,², Yuanshan ZHANG³, Xi CHEN¹^,²^,*, Jiachen LIU¹^,⁴, Xinqi PENG¹^,⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Technology, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2. Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
3. Shanghai Aircraft Flight Test Company Limited, Shanghai 200232, China
4. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Received:2023-11-15 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-28
Contact: Xi CHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效评价飞机硬着陆这一典型不利飞行状态的安全风险, 提出考虑多元耦合交互作用的飞机硬着陆风险综合评价方法。对预处理后的机载快速存取记录器(quick access recorder, QAR)数据开展相关性分析, 选取下降率、垂直加速度、攻角等6个飞行参数作为硬着陆风险研究因素, 通过分析其可视化曲线的数据特征提出着陆风险系数计算方法。采用融合专家主观经验的梯形模糊-决策试验和评价试验法确定耦合权重并对风险系数进行优化, 构建正常着陆与硬着陆航段的综合云模型。以20 000个航段的飞行数据实现数值分析, 证明所提方法将着陆区间QAR数据准确映射至风险评价空间, 融入风险权重的方法在硬着陆航段的识别性能上提升显著。

关键词: 硬着陆, 风险评估, 快速存取记录器数据, 耦合交互, 决策试验和评价试验法

Abstract:

To effectively evaluate the safety risk of aircraft hard landing, which is a typical unfavorable flight state, a comprehensive evaluation method of aircraft hard landing risk considering multiple coupling interaction is proposed in this paper. Correlation analysis is carried out on the preprocessed quick access recorder (QAR) data, and six flight parameters, such as altitude rate, vertical acceleration, angle of attack, etc., are selected as the hard landing risk research factors, and the landing risk coefficient calculation method is proposed by analyzing the data characteristics of the visualization curves. Trapezoidal fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method, which integrates the subjective experience of experts, is used to determine the coupled weights and optimize the risk coefficients, so as to construct a comprehensive cloud model for normal landing and hard landing segments. Numerical analysis is performed using flight data from 20 000 segments to demonstrate that the proposed method accurately maps QAR data in the landing phase to the risk evaluation space, and that the proposed method that incorporates risk weights improves the identification performance of hard landing segments significantly.

Key words: hard landing, risk evaluation, quick access recorder (QAR) data, coupled interaction, decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method

中图分类号:

V328.1

董磊, 张元珊, 陈曦, 刘嘉琛, 彭新麒. 考虑多元耦合交互作用的飞机硬着陆风险综合评价方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(4): 1265-1274.

Lei DONG, Yuanshan ZHANG, Xi CHEN, Jiachen LIU, Xinqi PENG. Comprehensive evaluation method for aircraft hard landing risk considering multiple coupled interactions[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(4): 1265-1274.

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类型	参数	描述	单位	采样频率/Hz
动力学变量	AIL_1/2	左/右侧副翼位置	(°)	1
	ALT	气压高度	ft	4
	ALTR	升降率	ft/min	4
	AOA_1/2	攻角1/2	(°)	4
	AOAC	矫正攻角	(°)	4
	AOAI	指示攻角	(°)	4
	BAL_1/2	气压矫正高度1/2	ft	4
	BLAC	机身纵向加速度	g	16
	CAS	计算空速	Kt	4
	CTAC	横向加速度	g	16
	DA	偏航角	(°)	4
	ELEV_1/2	左/右侧升降舵位置	(°)	1
	FPAC	飞行轨迹加速度	g	16
	VRTG	垂直加速度	g	8
飞行员操作	CCPC	机长操纵杆位置	COUNTS	2
	CCPF	副驾驶操纵杆位置	COUNTS	2
	CWPF	副驾驶控制轮位置	COUNTS	2
大气环境因素	WD	真风向	(°)	4
大气环境因素	WS	风速	Kt	4
指示参数	DWPT	到路径点的距离	—	1
	WOW	轮胎上(有无)重量	—	1
	EAI	发动机除冰系统(开关)	—	1
⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮	⋮

特征	排序
下降率ALTR	1
垂直加速度VRTG	2
副翼位置2 AIL_2	3
攻角1 AOA_1	4
气压矫正高度2 BAL_2	5
计算空速CAS	6
机身纵向加速度BLAC	7
⋮	⋮

等级	接地ALTR偏差/(ft/min)	接地CAS偏差/(km/h)	BAL偏差/m
1	-493.2~-349.2	-18.71~-12.96	3.86~8.94
2	-349.2~0	-12.96~0	0~3.86
3	0~210.8	0~8.05	-8.94~0
4	210.8~349.2	8.05~10.76	-9.6~-8.94
5	349.2~598	10.76~12.96	-13.4~-9.6

语言变量	梯形模糊数
影响极小	(0.00, 0.00, 0.10, 0.20)
影响较小	(0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.50)
影响适中	(0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70)
影响较大	(0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90)
影响极大	(0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.00)

参数	飞行参数偏差计算标准值	飞行参数偏差值	风险系数
f₁	96.000 ft/min	-201.600 ft/min	0.350
f₂	194.24 Km/h	4.58 Km/h	0.736
f₃	247.95 m	2.96 m	0.268
f₄	1.150g	-0.061g	0.269
f₅	3.587°	1.142°	0.279
f₆	83.501°	4.241°	0.230

考虑多元耦合交互作用的飞机硬着陆风险综合评价方法

Comprehensive evaluation method for aircraft hard landing risk considering multiple coupled interactions

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摘要/Abstract

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图/表 18

参考文献 14

相关文章 8

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Metrics

本文评价

参数	影响度	被影响度	原因度	中心度	多元耦合权重
f₁	0.985	1.609	-0.624	2.594	1.176 88
f₂	0.981	1.164	-0.183	2.145	0.390 54
f₃	0.895	1.564	-0.669	2.459	0.940 46
f₄	1.009	1.518	-0.509	2.527	1.059 54
f₅	1.634	0.695	0.939	2.329	0.712 79
f₆	1.881	0.835	1.046	2.716	1.390 54

参数	偏差值	风险系数	多元耦合权重	优化后风险系数
f₁	-201.600 ft/min	0.350	1.176 88	0.411
f₂	4.58 km/h	0.736	0.390 54	0.287
f₃	2.96 m	0.268	0.940 46	0.252
f₄	-0.061g	0.269	1.059 54	0.285
f₅	1.142°	0.279	0.712 79	0.199
f₆	4.241°	0.230	1.390 54	0.320

方法	Precision	Recall	Accuracy
文献[20]	96	67	68
文献[21]	53	49	53
Block-LSTM^[22]	95	80	88
文献[23]	72	68	69
文献[24]	84	53	71
文献[25]	87	85	87
Hu等+半监督聚类^[22]	62	61	62
本文所提方法(风险系数未优化)	95	69	69
本文所提方法(风险系数优化)	99	82	81

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参数	取值	参数	取值
Ex	0.293	s²	0.005
En	0.061	He	0.036