分布式相参雷达自适应和差波束测角方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.03.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分布式相参雷达在抗干扰和目标探测性能方面具有明显优势, 但分布式构型带来的栅瓣问题给目标到达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计带来很大的困难。在均匀分布式相参阵列的基础上, 拓展和差波束形成(sum and difference beamforming, SDB)方法至分布式阵列的栅瓣区域, 并采用双指向法分析鉴角曲线(angular response curve, ARC)特性, 提出一种基于多载频自适应SDB(multi-frequency adaptive SDB, MF-ASDB)的解模糊测角方法。该方法在不同频点下利用密集栅瓣辅助扫描检测, 通过ASDB方法计算模糊主值后, 将其拓展得到包含目标真实角度的DOA模糊值; 根据频率与栅瓣周期之间的角度偏移关系, 使用最小二乘方法实现DOA解模糊。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

关键词: 到达方向估计, 分布式相参雷达, 自适应和差波束形成, 多频解模糊, 鉴角曲线

Abstract:

Distributed coherent radar has obvious advantages in anti-jamming and performance of target detection. However, the grating lobes caused by distributed configuration bring great difficulties to estimation of direction of arrival (DOA) for target. Based on the uniform distributed coherent array, the sum and difference beamforming (SDB) method is expanded to the grating lobes region of distributed arrays, and the characteristics of angular response curve (ARC) is analyzed using double-direction method. A fuzzy resolution angle measurement method is proposed based on multi-frequency adaptive SDB (MF-ASDB) algorithm. At different frequencies, this method finishes scanning and detecting with the help of dense grating lobes, calculates the main fuzzy value with ASDB method, which is extended to obtain DOA ambiguity values including true angles of targets. According to the angular offset relationship between frequencies and periods of grating lobes, the least squares method is used to achieve DOA fuzzy resolution. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, distributed coherent radar, adaptive sum and difference beamforming (ASDB), multi-frequency fuzzy resolution, angular response curve (ARC)

中图分类号:

TN911.23

龙锦荣, 吴建新, 梁毅. 分布式相参雷达自适应和差波束测角方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(3): 779-787.

Jinrong LONG, Jianxin WU, Yi LIANG. Angle measurement method for distributed coherent radar based on adaptive sum and difference beamforming[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(3): 779-787.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

图6

图7

图8

表2

图9

图10

图11

图12

参考文献 32

1	许京伟, 廖桂生, 朱圣棋. 基于幅相线性约束的自适应和差波束形成方法研究[J]. 电子学报, 2013, 41 (9): 1724- 1729. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2013.09.009
	XU J W , LIAO G S , ZHU S Q . Approach of adaptive sum and difference beamforming based on magnitude and phase linear constraint[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2013, 41 (9): 1724- 1729. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2013.09.009
2	廖晖, 黄忠平. 基于方向图保形的单脉冲测角算法[J]. 中国电子科学研究院学报, 2010, 5 (3): 301- 304. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5692.2010.03.016
	LIAO H , HUANG Z P . Conformal-pattern-based monopulse estimation algorithm[J]. Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology, 2010, 5 (3): 301- 304. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5692.2010.03.016
3	XU J , WANG C H , LIAO G S , et al. Sum and difference beamforming for angle-Doppler estimation with STAP-based radars[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2016, 52 (6): 2825- 2837. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2016.150728
4	陈成增, 吴建新, 王彤, 等. 基于鉴角曲线拟合的自适应单脉冲测角方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2013, 35 (7): 1403- 1408. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2013.07.9
	CHEN C Z , WU J X , WANG T , et al. Monopulse angle estimation with adaptive array based on monopulse response curve fitting[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35 (7): 1403- 1408. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2013.07.9
5	LIM J H , KIM H S , YOUN J H , et al. Monopulse estimator using inverse function of MR curve[J]. Electronics Letters, 2012, 48 (23): 1497- 1498. doi: 10.1049/el.2012.0506
6	HOFFMAN J B, CALEBACH B L, JOHNSON K R. Four-channel monopulse for main beam nulling and tracking[C]//Proc. of the IEEE National Radar Conference, 1997: 94-98
7	YU K B, MURROW D J. Adaptive digital beamforming radar for monopulse angle estimation in jamming[C]//Proc. of the 10th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing, 2000: 272-275.
8	胡航, 张皓. 一种改进的两级子阵级自适应单脉冲方法[J]. 电子学报, 2009, 37 (9): 1996- 2003. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2009.09.021
	HU H , ZHANG H . An improved two-stage processing approach of adaptive monopulse at subarray level[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2009, 37 (9): 1996- 2003. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2009.09.021
9	WONG K T , ZOLTOWSKI M D . Direction-finding with sparse rectangular dual-size spatial invariance array[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1998, 34 (4): 1320- 1336. doi: 10.1109/7.722717
10	VASYLYSHYN V I. Closed-form DOA estimation with multiscale unitary ESPRIT algorithm[C]//Proc. of the European Radar Conference, 2004: 317-320
11	陈根华, 陈伯孝, 杨明磊. 分布式相参阵列及其二维高精度方向估计[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2012, 34 (11): 2621- 2627.
	CHEN G H , CHEN B X , YANG M L . High accuracy 2-D angle estimation using distributed coherent arrays[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2012, 34 (11): 2621- 2627.
12	李森, 吕梦然, 母采凤. 非高斯噪声环境下分布式阵列DOA估计算法[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2022, 48 (3): 87- 94.
	LI S , LYU M R , MU C F . DOA estimation for distributed arrays in non-Gaussian noise environment[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2022, 48 (3): 87- 94.
13	吕梦然. 脉冲噪声下分布式阵列的角度估计算法研究[D]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2023.
	LYU M R. Research on angle estimation algorithm of distributed arrays under impulse noise[D]. Dalian: Dalian Maritime University, 2023.
14	王玉. 分布式阵列米波雷达角度解模糊方法研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2014.
	WANG Y. Study on angle disambiguation methods for distributed array VHF radar[D]. Xi'an: Xidian University, 2014.
15	司伟建. 一种新的解模糊方法研究[J]. 制导与引信, 2007, 28 (1): 44- 47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0576.2007.01.011
	SI W J . Study on new method of resolving angle ambiguity[J]. Guidance & Fuze, 2007, 28 (1): 44- 47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0576.2007.01.011
16	唐凌云. 分布式协同探测技术与实验研究[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2022.
	TANG L Y. A research of distributed collaborative probing technology and experiment[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2022.
17	潘强. 分布式阵列的DOA估计与信号合成[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2019.
	PAN Q. DOA estimation and signal synthesis for distributed subarrays antennas[D]. Xi'an: Xidian University, 2019.
18	ZUO Z G, HAO M, HE Q. An unambiguous angle estimation method based on multiple subarray division in DCAR[C]//Proc. of the IEEE 5th Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference, 2021: 1561-1565.
19	JERIPOTULA P R, RAJENDRA N B. Performance analysis of adaptive beamforming algorithms[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems in Digital Enterprise Technology, 2018.
20	SOUDEN M , BENESTY J , AFFES S . A study of the LCMV and MVDR noise reduction filters[J]. IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing, 2010, 58 (9): 4925- 4935. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2010.2051803
21	MONTE L L, VELA R, WESTBROOK L. Rediscovering monopulse radar with digital sum-difference beamforming[C]//Proc. of the IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2012.
22	LI M Y, ZHANG C J. Improved nested array DOA estimation based on sum difference virtual array[C]//Proc. of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, 2023: 2133-2137.
23	马泽强, 陈熙彧, 巫书航, 等. 基于等效和差波束的相控阵雷达宽带信号测角方法[J]. 现代雷达, 2023, 45 (4): 40- 47.
	MA Z Q , CHEN X Y , WU S H , et al. A wideband angle-measure method for phased array radar based on equivalent sum-difference beam[J]. Modern Radar, 2023, 45 (4): 40- 47.
24	余显祥, 严正欣, 潘步年, 等. 主瓣伴随干扰下数字子阵雷达和差波束测角方法[J]. 电子科技大学学报, 2023, 52 (4): 498- 505.
	YU X X , YAN Z X , PAN B N , et al. Digital sub-array radar sum-difference DOA estimation method in the presence of mainlobe following jamming[J]. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2023, 52 (4): 498- 505.
25	刘宏伟. 数字单脉冲测角的算法研究与电路实现[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2017.
	LIU H W. Algorithm study and circuit implementation of digital monopulse angle-measurement[D]. Xi'an: Xidian University, 2017.
26	LI R F , RAO C , DAI L Y , et al. Combining sum-difference and auxiliary beams for adaptive monopulse in jamming[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 24 (3): 372- 381. doi: 10.1109/JSEE.2013.00046
27	WANG Y F , WU W , ZHANG X F , et al. Transformed nested array designed for DOA estimation of non-circular signals: reduced sum-difference co-array redundancy perspective[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2020, 24 (6): 1262- 1265. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.2977293
28	ZHANG X W, LI M, ZUO L. Design of a miniature wideband radar experimental system[C]//Proc. of the IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar, 2011: 858-861.
29	王俊岭, 纪经明, 钟山. 一种自适应宽窄带雷达信号的数据采集系统[J]. 实验技术与管理, 2020, 37 (3): 116-119, 142.
	WANG J L , JI J M , ZHONG S . Data acquisition system of adaptive wideband and narrowband radar signal[J]. Experimental Technology and Management, 2020, 37 (3): 116-119, 142.
30	ZHOU Z Y, DAI W. Multispectral RF imaging using multiple narrow-band FMCW signals[C]//Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2024: 8741-8745.
31	LUNGLMAYR M, UNTERRIEDER C, HUEMER M. Step-adaptive approximate least squares[C]//Proc. of the 23rd European Signal Processing Conference, 2015: 1108-1112.
32	BANDIERA F , ORLANDO D , RICCI G . A subspace-based adaptive sidelobe blanker[J]. IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing, 2008, 56 (9): 4141- 4151. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2008.926193

模糊值k	C_ARC值	对应模糊值
0、4	0	k_GL
1、2、3	跳变	k_zero
1.5、2.5	0	k_SL

符号	定义	取值
f_c/GHz	中心频率	1
B/MHz	信号带宽	20
T_p/μs	脉冲宽度	5
N	分布式节点数	4
M	节点阵元数	8
d	阵元间距	c/(2f_c)
L_a/m	节点基线	100
B_f/MHz	载频变化带宽	50
L	载频个数	4

[1]	王元昊, 王宏强, 刘兴华, 曾旸, 杨琪. 分布式相参雷达相参效率及相参景深研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1573-1582.
[2]	于少筠, 谢菊兰, 何子述, 李会勇. 基于子阵处理的宽带波束形成的单脉冲测向[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(12): 3948-3956.
[3]	刘晓瑜, 吴建新, 王彤, 陈金铭. 基于多特显点的无人机分布式相参雷达相位同步误差估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(4): 781-791.
[4]	陈金铭, 王彤, 吴建新, 刘晓瑜. 基于滤波器网格失配的分布式相参雷达目标参数估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(11): 2460-2470.
[5]	刘兴华, 徐振海, 王罗胜斌, 董玮, 肖顺平. 基于信号重建的分布式相参雷达相参参数估计算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(9): 1931-1938.
[6]	刘兴华, 徐振海, 肖顺平. 分布式相参雷达几何布置约束条件[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(8): 1723-1731.
[7]	陈成增，吴建新，王彤，吴亿锋. 基于鉴角曲线拟合的自适应单脉冲测角方法[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35(7): 1403-1408.