针对巨型星座下行通信链路的分布式干扰仿真研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.11.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对常规单节点干扰方式难以对抗巨型通信星座时空复杂度的问题，提出了面向巨型星座的分布式干扰策略，建立了针对巨型星座下行链路的干扰分析数学模型。采用栅格化的干扰机部署方式提升对抗方的空间分布自由度，提出了干扰概率计算方法和干扰效能评估值指标。基于实际卫星运行数据，以星链系统为例，在不同的射频功率、栅格间距、天线辐射方向图条件下，计算了干扰覆盖范围。仿真结果表明，当节点发射功率为26 dBW时，每个节点的平均干扰覆盖范围可达38.5 km²，为巨型星座的监管和处置提供了支撑。

关键词: 分布式干扰, 巨型星座, 下行链路, 建模仿真, 干扰评估策略

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that conventional single-node jamming methods struggle to counter the spatiotemporal complexity of mega-constellations, a distributed jamming strategy for mega-constellations is proposed, and a mathematical model for jamming analysis targeting the downlink of mega-constellations is established. A grid-based deployment approach for jammers is adopted to enhance the spatial distribution flexibility of the adversarial side, along with a jamming probability calculation method and a jamming effectiveness evaluation metric. Based on actual satellite operation data, taking the Starlink system as an example, the jamming coverage range is calculated under different conditions of radio frequency power, grid spacing, and antenna radiation patterns. Simulation results show that when the node transmission power is 26 dBW, the average jamming coverage per node can reach 38.5 km2, providing support for the regulation and management of mega-constellations.

Key words: distributed jamming, mega-constellation, downlink transmissions, modeling and simulation, jamming evaluation method

中图分类号:

TN 975

顾汉清, 杨卓, 张鹏, 温晓雯. 针对巨型星座下行通信链路的分布式干扰仿真研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(11): 3834-3843.

Hanqing GU, Zhuo YANG, Peng ZHANG, Xiaowen WEN. Simulation research of distributed jamming against mega-constellation downlink communication transmissions[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(11): 3834-3843.

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建设计划	卫星总数/颗	轨道面/条	每条轨道卫星数量/颗	轨道高度/km	倾角/(°)
Ⅰ期	1584	22	72	550	53
Ⅱ期	1600	32	50	550	53.8
	400	8	50	1130	74
	375	5	75	1275	81
	450	6	75	1325	70

仰角/(°)	EIRP密度/ (dBW/Hz)	EIRP/ (dBW/MHz)	对地距离/km	传播损耗/dB	PFD_c/ dB ·W·m⁻²·MHz⁻¹
90	−56.22	3.78	550.00	−125.80	−122.02
40	−52.84	7.16	812.11	−129.18	−122.02
25	−51.60	8.40	1123.42	−132.00	−123.60

（C/I）_{i, j}/dB	ϒ_{i, j}/dB	B_j/MHz	d_{i, j}/km	传播损耗/dB	P_jG_j/dBW
5	3	2000	20	97.01	6.0
			30	100.53	9.5
			40	103.03	12.0

参数	值
中心频率/GHz	11.7
带宽/MHz	250
可视卫星最大数量/颗	9
干扰节点间距/km	5~9
干扰功率/dBW	20~29
干扰天线增益/dBi	5~15
接收天线增益/dBi	32.8
PFD_c/（ dB·W·m⁻²·MHz⁻¹）	−122
干信比门限/dB	−5

l/km	N	P_j/dBW	∑P_j/dBW	S/km²	I/（km²/kW）
5	121	20	40.8	0.0	0.0
		23	43.8	296.7	12.3
		26	46.8	2243.9	46.6
		29	49.8	3736.0	38.9
7	64	20	38.1	0.0	0.0
		23	41.1	0.0	0.0
		26	44.1	323.2	12.7
		29	47.1	2344.7	46.1
9	49	20	36.9	0.0	0.0
		23	39.9	0.0	0.0
		26	42.9	0.0	0.0
		29	45.9	991.9	25.5