面向编队卫星的空间系绳在轨服务

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.03.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对编队卫星的在轨服务任务, 提出一种基于绳系卫星系统的服务方案。该系统由质量较小的服务航天器和质量较大的燃料站通过系绳连接构成, 以被服务编队卫星参考中心为原点建立坐标系与相对动力学模型。基于伪谱法研究了综合考虑系绳的状态与控制约束的绳系多星服务最优控制策略。以空间圆构型的编队卫星为例, 分别分析了绳系卫星系统和单卫星平台服务3/4/5颗编队卫星的推进剂消耗, 并讨论了绳系系统的优势与不足。仿真结果表明, 绳系服务比单卫星平台的方式节省推进剂, 而且服务目标数越多时优势越明显。

关键词: 在轨服务, 编队卫星, 绳系卫星系统, 伪谱法

Abstract:

Aiming at the on-orbit service for formation satellites, a service scheme based on tethered satellite system (TSS) is proposed. The TSS is composed of service spacecraft with smaller mass, a fuel station with larger mass and a tether. The coordinate system and relative dynamic model are established using the reference center of the formation satellites as the origin. Based on the pseudospectral method, the optimal control strategy of the multi-satellite service is designed, considering the tether state and the control constraints. Taking the formation satellites with space circular configuration as an example, the propellant consumption of serving 3/4/5 satellites by the TSS and a single satellite platform are analyzed respectively, and the strengths and weaknesses of the TSS are discussed. The simulation results show that the tethered service can save propellant relative to the plan of a single service satellite platform, and the advantage increases with the increase of the service targets number.

Key words: on-orbit service, formation satellite, tethered satellite system (TSS), pseudospectral method

中图分类号:

V475.4

严冰, 张进, 罗亚中. 面向编队卫星的空间系绳在轨服务[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(3): 806-813.

Bing YAN, Jin ZHANG, Yazhong LUO. On-orbit service for formation satellites with space tether[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(3): 806-813.

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参数	数值
参考星轨道根数[a, e, i, Ω, ω, f]	[7×10⁶ m, 0°, 30°, 15°, 15°, 10°]^T
空间圆半径R/m	1 000
编队卫星个数N	3/4/5
卫星1初始相位角σ_1/(°)	0
相位角之差Δσ/(°)	120/90/72

参数	数值
燃料站初始质量m₁₀/kg	1 000
服务航天器初始质量m₂₀/kg	100
发动机比冲I_sp/s	350
海平面重力加速度g₀/(m/s²)	9.8
系绳密度ρ/(kg/m³)	1.119×10³
外径d_o/m	0.008
内径d_i/m	0.006
系绳总长l_m/m	1 200
在轨服务时间/s	180
在轨服务输送的推进剂质量Δm/(kg/s)	0.1

参数	数值
x₀(m, m/s, rad, rad/s, rad, rad/s)	[0.01, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]^T
x_f(m, m/s, rad, rad/s, rad, rad/s)	[0.01, 0, θ_f, 0, ϕ_f, 0]^T

参数	数值
x_min(m, m/s, rad, rad/s, rad, rad/s)	[0.01, -5, -π, -0.1, -π/2, -0.1]^T
x_max(m, m/s, rad, rad/s, rad, rad/s)	[1 200, 5, π, 0.1, π/2, 0.1] ^T
u_min(N, N, rad, rad)	[0.2, 0, -π, -π/2] ^T
u_max(N, N, rad, rad)	[5, 10, π, π/2] ^T

编队卫星数目	绳系燃耗/kg	平台燃耗/kg	燃耗比(绳系/单平台)/%
3	2.76	5.06	54.5
4	3.01	9	33.4
5	3.98	12	33.2