ExtendSim模型与数据驱动的指控流程建模与分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.05.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

联合作战背景下的指控流程(command and control process, CCP)涉及同层级内不同指控单元之间的横向信息交互与不同层级间的纵向信息交互。针对这种复杂化与多元化指控流程,研究了如何利用ExtendSim仿真工具对指控流程进行模型构建、验证、评估与优化。首先,通过对指控流程特点进行分析,抽取通用的要素类型,包括实体和关系要素,并映射到ExtendSim关键模块;其次,构建“指控流程要素-ExtendSim模块”的转换规则,提出构建ExtendSim指控流程模型的方法步骤;然后,研究基于ExtendSim的指控流程可行性验证方法(行为一致性、可执行性、合理性验证),提出了基于ExtendSim的指控流程评估指标(任务平均耗时、任务平均等待时间与任务最大处理容量),并研究了基于ExtendSim的指控流程优化方法;最后,通过一个通用反导指控流程案例,验证了所提建模与分析方法的可行性与有效性,可以为指控流程的建模与分析提供支撑和参考。

关键词: 指控流程, 可行性验证, 评估优化, ExtendSim模型, 仿真

Abstract:

The command and control process (CCP) under the background of joint operation involves horizontal information interactions among different command and control units in the same hierarchy and vertical information interactions among different hierarchies. In consideration of the complicated and diverse CCPs, this paper strives to model, validate, evaluate, and optimize the CCP based on the ExtendSim simulation software. First, the universal element types including entity elements and relation elements of the CCP are abstracted by analyzing the CCP features and the corresponding crucial blocks of ExtendSim are introduced. Next, the mapping rules of "CCP elements to ExtendSim blocks" are constructed, and the method of modeling ExtendSim based CCP is put forward. Then, the approach for validating the feasibility of the CCP (behavior consistency, executability, rationality verification), the criteria for evaluating the CCP (average task time, average task waiting time and maximum task processing capacity), and the method for optimizing the CCP based on ExtendSim are researched. Finally, a general anti-missile case is studied to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed modeling and analyzing methods, which can support the modeling and optimization of the CCP.

Key words: command and control process (CCP), feasibility validation, evaluation and optimization, ExtendSim model, simulation

中图分类号:

葛冰峰, 夏博远, 杨志伟, 赵青松, 魏河川. ExtendSim模型与数据驱动的指控流程建模与分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(5): 1063-1072.

Bingfeng GE, Boyuan XIA, Zhiwei YANG, Qingsong ZHAO, Hechuan WEI. Modeling and analysis of ExtendSim model and data-driven command and control processes[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(5): 1063-1072.

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类型	描述
开始节点	CCP开始通常受某个事件触发,比如探测到敌方特定信息后触发CCP运行
活动	代表具体的指控活动,由对应的指控单元完成
资源	在实际指控活动中,每个指控活动均需要处理相关的信息,因而需要消耗一定的资源。具体包括指控席位、指控人员、通信设备、线路等
信息队列	当一个指控单元处理的信息超过信息处理容量时,后续的信息需要排队等候处理,不能即时处理的信息形成信息队列
指控单元	指控单元并不是CCP中的活动,而是其对应的执行者;指控单元间有同级和上下级之分
结束节点	表示CCP执行结束的节点即为结束节点

功能	描述
信息感知	用于探测特定目标的指控行为, “异常事件”通常作为CCP的触发条件
信息上传	信息上传下级信息传达给上级指挥单元的指控活动；由于上下级之间的沟通通常需要信息的汇总确认,因此,在CCP中,通常占用一定的人力和线路资源,并消耗相对较多的时间
下达命令	下达命令是上级指挥所对汇总信息进行处理之后,生成命令,并传达给下级指挥单元的指控活动;在CCP中,通常占用较少的人力资源和一定的线路资源
信息共享	信息共享是同级指挥所之间的信息交互行为,在扁平化指控结构中占有较大的比重,信息共享在CCP中不需要进行信息汇总,只需占用线路资源
信息处理	信息处理是上级指挥所下发命令之前需要进行的指控活动;通常占用一定的人力、线路资源,消耗一定的时间
命令执行	命令执行通常是CCP最后阶段的活动,当然,如果任务执行不成功,会重新触发流程循环或者触发另外一套新的流程

流程元素	ExtendSim模块	可设置/统计的属性
开始节点	创建对象	创建对象时间间隔分布
活动	活动	活动耗时
资源	资源	资源数量
信息队列	队列	队列长度
指控单元	泳道	执行活动的数量
结束节点	退出	对象退出时间/个数

指控活动	耗时/s	占用资源/个
探测到目标,触发事件	/	/
上传预警信息	t~χ²(60)	1
接受预警信息	t~χ²(60)	1
分析研判	t~χ²(300)	3
上传请示	t~χ²(60)	1
分析决策	t~χ²(600)	5
下令拦截	t~χ²(60)	1
接受指令	t~χ²(60)	1
发出指令	t~χ²(60)	1
接受命令	t~χ²(60)	1
发射准备	t~χ²(1 200)	5
拦截	t~χ²(300)	2

指控活动	提升前耗时	提升后耗时
分析研判	t~χ²(300)	t~χ²(200)
分析决策	t~χ²(600)	t~χ²(400)
发射准备	t~χ²(1 200)	t~χ²(800)
拦截	t~χ²(300)	t~χ²(200)