基于模型的系统工程中的架构模型质量综述：概念、框架和技术

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.12.15

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 3890-3900.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.12.15

• “基于模型的系统架构设计与验证技术”专栏 • 上一篇

基于模型的系统工程中的架构模型质量综述：概念、框架和技术

龚逸辉¹(), 王国新¹^,*(), 阎艳¹, 吴绶玄¹^,², 董梦如¹, 袁永吉¹

1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081
2. 奥斯陆大学信息学系，奥斯陆 0373

收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-11-28
通讯作者: 王国新 E-mail:3120235543@bit.edu.cn;wangguoxin@bit.edu.cn
作者简介:龚逸辉（1998—），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为基于模型的系统工程
阎　艳（1967—），女，教授，博士，主要研究方向知识工程、数字化设计与制造
吴绶玄（1998—），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为基于模型的系统工程
董梦如（1999—），女，博士研究生，主要研究方向为基于模型的系统工程
袁永吉（2002—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为基于模型的系统工程
基金资助:
技术基础科研项目（JCKY2021203A001）资助课题

Review on architecture model quality in model-based systems engineering: concept, framework, technology

Yihui GONG¹(), Guoxin WANG¹^,*(), Yan YAN¹, Shouxuan WU¹^,², Mengru DONG¹, Yongji YUAN¹

1. School of Mechanical Engineering，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China
2. Department of Informatics，University of Oslo，Oslo 0373，Norway

Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-06-17 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-11-28
Contact: Guoxin WANG E-mail:3120235543@bit.edu.cn;wangguoxin@bit.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于模型的系统工程（model-based systems engineering, MBSE）的发展为复杂装备提供一种全新的设计范式。从“以文本为中心”向“以模型为中心”的转变，推动产品交付的数字化进程。因此，模型质量成为MBSE系统模型的开发过程中需要重点衡量的问题。首先，讨论架构模型质量的基本内涵和概念定义；重点分析架构模型质量所涉及的质量特征，提出架构模型质量框架来量化定义什么是“好的模型”。然后，探讨面向复杂装备设计的模型质量保证技术。最后，讨论架构模型质量在设计过程中面临的挑战，展望未来的发展方向，促进无缺陷模型贯穿产品全生命周期，驱动装备数字化设计的高质量发展。

关键词: 基于模型的系统工程, 架构模型, 模型质量

Abstract:

The development of model-based systems engineering （MBSE） provides a new design paradigm for complex equipment. The shift of design patterns from “text centric” to “model centric” is driving the digitalization process of product delivery. Therefore, model quality has become a key measurement issue in the development process of MBSE. Firstly, the basic connotations and conceptual definitions of architecture model quality are discussed. Focus on analyzing the quality characteristics involved in the quality of architecture models, an architecture model quality framework is proposed to quantitatively define what a “good model” is. Then, the model quality assurance technology for complex equipment design is discussed. Finally, the challenges faced by architecture model quality in the design process and future development are discussed, which promotes defect-free models throughout the product lifecycle, and drives high-quality development of equipment digital design.

Key words: model-based systems engineering（MBSE）, architecture model, model quality

中图分类号:

N 945

龚逸辉, 王国新, 阎艳, 吴绶玄, 董梦如, 袁永吉. 基于模型的系统工程中的架构模型质量综述：概念、框架和技术[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(12): 3890-3900.

Yihui GONG, Guoxin WANG, Yan YAN, Shouxuan WU, Mengru DONG, Yongji YUAN. Review on architecture model quality in model-based systems engineering: concept, framework, technology[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(12): 3890-3900.

图/表 4

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表2

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定义方式	模型类型	作者	年份	详细描述
质量框架	概念建模	Lindland等^[25]	1994	语法质量、语义质量、实用质量
		Krogstie^[27–28]	2012	SEQUAL
		Espinilla 等^[35]	2011	QuEF
	概念建模/UML	Mohagheghi等^[31–33]	2009	6C框架
	视觉建模语言	Moody^[37]	2009	符号物理学
	DSML	Challenger等^[39]	2015	DSML质量框架
模型规范	UML	Sayeb等^[43]	2012	建模语言和模型的质量模式
		Ambler^[40]	2005	UML元素和图表使用规范
		Balaban等^[44]	2018	设定不符合建模规范的反模式
	SysML	Jansen等^[45]	2015	SysML建模规范

质量框架	功能性质量	结构性质量	过程性质量
Lindland^[25]	语法质量语义质量	实用质量	—
SEQUAL^[27]	物理句法	经验语用	—
SEQUAL^[27]	实用语义语义	社会道义	—
QuEF^[35]	可用性功能性	可靠性	可维护性
6C^[33]	正确性完备性	一致性可理解性限制性	可变性
AMQF	正确性完备性	一致性可理解性	可追溯性

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基于模型的系统工程中的架构模型质量综述：概念、框架和技术

Review on architecture model quality in model-based systems engineering: concept, framework, technology

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