基于聚类算法的星载ADS-B波束自适应调整方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.05.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

星载广播式自动相关监视(automatic dependent surveillance broadcast, ADS-B)技术有效地解决了地面基站无法覆盖全球空域的问题, 但仍面临星地传播距离远、损耗大、波束覆盖目标多、信号冲突严重等挑战。针对部分子波束内信号冲突严重、飞机漏检概率高的现象, 设计25阵元19子波束均匀分布的数字相控阵天线, 提出基于聚类算法的子波束优化方法。首先对样本进行基于代表点聚类, 再依据结果对波束指向和覆盖范围(或者覆盖半径)非线性优化, 以期降低信号冲突提高飞机检测概率。仿真结果表明, 飞机检测概率提高9%~13%, 比现有研究算法计算时长缩短87%~95%, 波束自适应算法品质因数提高85%~94%。

Abstract:

Satellite-based automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) has effectively solved the problem that terrestrial-based stations cannot cover the global airspace, but it still faces challenges such as long satellite-ground propagation distance, large attenuation, multiple beam coverage targets, and serious signal conflicts. A digital phased array antenna with 25 elements and 19 sub-beams evenly distributed is designed to solve the problem of serious signal conflict and high probability of aircraft missing detection. First, clustering using representatives is performed on the samples, and then nonlinear optimization of beam direction and coverage area is performed according to the results, in order to reduce signal conflict and improve aircraft detection probability. The simulation results show that the detection probability of aircraft is increased by 9%-13%, the calculation time is decreased by 87%-95%, and the figure of merit is increased by 85%-94% compared with the existing research algorithm.

Key words: satellite-based automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B), digital phased array multi-beam synthesis, adaptive beamforming, clustering algorithm

中图分类号:

向怡然, 李松亭, 陈利虎. 基于聚类算法的星载ADS-B波束自适应调整方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(5): 1680-1686.

Yiran XIANG, Songting LI, Lihu CHEN. Adaptive beamforming adjustment method for satellite-based ADS-B based on clustering algorithm[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(5): 1680-1686.

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技术指标	参数值
发射机发射功率P_t/dBm	54
发射天线增益G_t/dBm	0
接收天线增益G_r/dBm	14
接收馈线损耗L_r/dB	1
载波频率f/MHz	1 090
轨道高度d/km	780
天线仰角θ/(°)(卫星波束可视范围)	5~90(θ_min~θ_max)
传输距离d/km(波束中心~波束边缘)	780~2 819(d_min~d_max)
自由空间链路衰减L_f/dB	151~162
接收机接收功率P_r/dBm	－84~－95
接收机噪声系数NF/dB	2.5
滤波器插损INL/dB	2
解调损失Loss/dB	2
接收机灵敏度P_s/dBm	-101.5
链路余量/dBm	6.5~17.5

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