空中目标动态HRRP特征可重构模拟方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.04.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前无源模拟技术无法实现目标动态电磁特征模拟的问题, 提出了一种利用相位调制表面(phase-switched screen, PSS)进行空中目标动态高分辨距离像(high resolution range profile, HRRP)特征可重构的模拟方法。以无人直升机旋翼为例, 对旋翼的运动状态进行了建模, 并详细分析了其动态HRRP特征。另外, 通过建立PSS的周期调制信号模型, 详细分析了PSS对雷达入射波的调控效果。在此基础上, 提出了一种调制频率时变的PSS可重构模拟方法, 该方法能够生成随时间变化的可控谐波分量, 模拟产生的谐波分量与无人直升机旋翼的动态HRRP特征变化规律相似。通过仿真数据对比分析, 调制频率时变的PSS可重构模拟方法能够实现无人直升机旋翼的动态HRRP特征模拟效果。

关键词: 动态特征模拟, 相位调制表面, 调制频率时变, 高分辨距离像

Abstract:

To solve the problem that the current passive simulation technology cannot realize the simulation of dynamic electromagnetic features of the target, a reconfigurable simulation method for dynamic high resolution range profile (HRRP) feature of the air target using the phase-switched screen (PSS) is proposed. Taking the unmanned helicopter rotors as an example, the motion state of the rotors is modeled, and its dynamic HRRP feature is analyzed in detail. In addition, the periodic modulation signal model of PSS is established, and its regulation effect on the radar incident waves is analyzed in detail. On this basis, a PSS reconfigurable simulation method with time-varying modulation frequency is proposed, which can generate time-varying controllable harmonic components. The distribution of harmonic components produced by the simulation is similar to the dynamic HRRP feature of the unmanned helicopter rotors. Through the comparative analysis of the simulation data, the PSS reconfigurable simulation method with time-varying modulation frequency can achieve the simulation effect for the dynamic HRRP feature of the unmanned helicopter rotors.

Key words: dynamic feature simulation, phase-switched screen (PSS), time-varying modulation frequency, high resolution range profile (HRRP)

中图分类号:

TN972+.44

徐勇, 冯德军, 王俊杰, 徐志明, 隋冉. 空中目标动态HRRP特征可重构模拟方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(4): 1135-1142.

Yong XU, Dejun FENG, Junjie WANG, Zhiming XU, Ran SUI. Reconfigurable simulation method for dynamic HRRP feature of air target[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(4): 1135-1142.

图/表 14

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

参考文献 31

1	GAO P W , ZHI Y F , HU C F . Dynamic characteristics analysis and applications of electromagnetic environment based on group perception[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 2022 (2): 1- 10.
2	AI X F , XU Z M , WU Q H , et al. Parametric representation and application of micro-Doppler characteristics for cone-shaped space targets[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 19 (24): 11839- 11849. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2937995
3	HUA X , YUAN W W , LEI B . Fast RCS modeling for dynamic target tracking[J]. International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, 2015, 8 (4): 1956- 1976. doi: 10.21307/ijssis-2017-838
4	汤永浩, 干鹏, 张斌, 等. 雷达目标回波模拟技术发展现状与展望[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2020, 36 (6): 28- 34.
	TANG Y H , GAN P , ZHANG B , et al. Development status and prospect of radar target echo simulation technology[J]. Aero-space Electronic Warfare, 2020, 36 (6): 28- 34.
5	SCHOEDER P , SCHWEIZER B , GRATHWOHL A , et al. Multitarget simulator for automotive radar sensors with unknown chirp-sequence modulation[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2021, 31 (9): 1086- 1089. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2021.3088882
6	SCHEIBLHOFER W , FEGER R , HADERER A , et al. Concept and realization of a low-cost multi-target simulator for CW and FMCW radar system calibration and testing[J]. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2018, 10 (2): 207- 215. doi: 10.1017/S1759078718000028
7	DIEWALD A , NUSS B , PAULI M , et al. Arbitrary angle of arrival in radar target simulation[J]. IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2022, 70 (1): 513- 520. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3106268
8	NIU G Z , LIU Y M , BAI B W , et al. A numerical simulation method of radar echo from a high-speed target[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2021, 20 (10): 1958- 1962. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2021.3101213
9	KORNER G , HOFFMANN M , NEIDHARDT S , et al. Multirate universal radar target simulator for an accurate moving target simulation[J]. IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2021, 69 (5): 2730- 2740. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3060817
10	邢世其, 刘业民, 李永祯, 等. 箔条在现代海战场中的应用及现状[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2021, 37 (2): 58- 64.
	XING S Q , LIU Y M , LI Y Z , et al. Application and status of chaff in modern sea battlefield[J]. Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 2021, 37 (2): 58- 64.
11	马德有, 杨晨晨, 王毅, 等. 加载龙伯透镜反射器的靶标RCS改型设计与仿真[J]. 火力与指挥控制, 2016, 41 (10): 155-158, 162.
	MA D Y , YANG C C , WANG Y , et al. Design and simulation of targets' RCS loaded with Luneburg-lens reflectors[J]. Fire Control & Command Control, 2016, 41 (10): 155-158, 162.
12	饶聃, 王学田. 厘米波段三面角反射器阵列电磁靶船设计[J]. 微波学报, 2018, 34 (S1): 41- 44.
	RAO D , WANG X T . Design of trihedral corner reflector array electromagnetic target ship in centimeter wave band[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2018, 34 (S1): 41- 44.
13	LUO Y , GUO L X , ZUO Y C , et al. Time-domain scattering characteristics and jamming effectiveness in corner reflectors[J]. IEEE Access, 2021, 9, 15696- 15707. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3053116
14	ACHOURI K , CALOZ C . Design, concepts, and applications of electromagnetic metasurfaces[J]. Nanophotonics, 2018, 7 (6): 1095- 1116. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2017-0119
15	LUO X G . Principles of electromagnetic waves in metasurfaces[J]. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58, 594201.
16	SUN S L , HE Q , HAO J M , et al. Electromagnetic metasurfaces: physics and applications[J]. Advances in Optics and Photonics, 2019, 11 (2): 380- 479. doi: 10.1364/AOP.11.000380
17	LI H Y , CAO Q S , LIU L L , et al. An improved multifunctional active frequency selective surface[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66 (4): 1854- 1862. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2800727
18	PHON R , GHOSH S , LIM S . Novel multifunctional reconfi-gurable active frequency selective surface[J]. IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 67 (3): 1709- 1718.
19	ZHAO Y L , FU J H , WANG Z F , et al. Design of a broadband switchable active frequency selective surfaces based on modified diode model[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2022, 21 (7): 1378- 1382. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2022.3168983
20	LIANG J W , CAO Q S , WANG Y , et al. A multifunctional and miniaturized flexible active frequency selective surface[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2021, 20 (12): 2549- 2553. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2021.3118689
21	CHANG Y M , WANG L , LI B , et al. Phase switched screen for radar cloaking based on reconfigurable artificial magnetic conductor[J]. IEEE Trans.on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2021, 63 (5): 1417- 1422. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2021.3069017
22	WANG J J , FENG D J , XU L T , et al. Synthetic aperture radar image modulation using phase-switched screen[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2018, 17 (5): 911- 915. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2823079
23	CHANG Y M , JIANG H J , WANG L , et al. Tri-band phase switched screen based on time modulation[J]. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 2022, 32 (4): e23058.
24	LING G P, GONG W J, CHANG Y M, et al. Reconfigurable multi-band phase-switched-screen based on artificial magnetic conductor surface[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2021.
25	LI W , VALENTINE J . Metamaterial perfect absorber based hot electron photodetection[J]. Nano Letters, 2014, 14 (6): 3510- 3514. doi: 10.1021/nl501090w
26	BEHERA J K , LIU K , LIAN M , et al. A reconfigurable hyperbolic metamaterial perfect absorber[J]. Nanoscale Advances, 2021, 3 (6): 1758- 1766. doi: 10.1039/D0NA00787K
27	ZHANG B L , LI Z X , HU Z D , et al. Analysis of a bidirectional metamaterial perfect absorber with band-switch ability for multifunctional optical applications[J]. Results in Physics, 2022, 34, 105313. doi: 10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105313
28	DONG F L , CHU W G . Multichannel-independent information encoding with optical metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31 (45): 1804921. doi: 10.1002/adma.201804921
29	CUI T J , LIU S , ZHANG L . Information metamaterials and metasurfaces[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2017, 5 (15): 3644- 3668. doi: 10.1039/C7TC00548B
30	WU R Y , SHI C B , LIU S , et al. Addition theorem for digital coding metamaterials[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2018, 6 (5): 1701236. doi: 10.1002/adom.201701236
31	XU L T , FENG D J , WANG X S . Matched-filter properties of linear-frequency-modulation radar signal reflected from a phase-switched screen[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2016, 10 (2): 318- 324.

参数	符号	参数值
中心频率/GHz	f_c	10
信号脉宽/μs	T_p	20
信号带宽/GHz	B_w	1
采样频率/GHz	F_s	2
脉冲重复频率/Hz	PRF	1 000

[1]	王哲昊, 简涛, 黄晓冬, 王海鹏, 刘瑜. 基于角域特征PSO的海面目标HRRP识别方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(6): 1642-1650.
[2]	孙晶明, 虞盛康, 孙俊. 基于元学习的雷达小样本目标识别方法及改进[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(6): 1839-1845.
[3]	孙晶明, 虞盛康, 孙俊. 基于深度学习的HRRP识别姿态敏感性分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(3): 802-807.
[4]	王俊杰, 冯德军, 胡卫东. 基于时变材料的合成孔径雷达图像二维调制方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(2): 455-462.
[5]	但波, 付哲泉, 高山, 简涛. 基于卷积神经网络的海面目标全极化高分辨距离像识别技术[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(1): 108-116.
[6]	张国令, 吴崇明, 李睿, 来杰, 向前. 基于一维堆叠池化融合卷积自编码器的HRRP目标识别方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(12): 3533-3541.
[7]	张良, 杨威, 李玮杰, 杨小琪, 刘永祥. 基于复数卷积-残差网络的雷达杂波幅度统计模型分类[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(11): 3086-3097.
[8]	张一凡, 张双辉, 刘永祥, 荆锋. 基于注意力机制的堆叠LSTM网络雷达HRRP序列目标识别方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(10): 2775-2781.
[9]	卢旺, 张雅声, 徐灿, 林财永. 基于双谱-谱图特征和深度卷积神经网络的HRRP目标识别方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(8): 1703-1709.
[10]	向前, 王晓丹, 李睿, 来杰, 张国令. 基于DCNN的弹道中段目标HRRP图像识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(11): 2426-2433.
[11]	刘代, 赵永波, 周永伟, 陈明哲, 李伟. 高分辨距离像辅助的机动目标跟踪算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(9): 1967-1972.
[12]	王彩云, 黄盼盼, 李晓飞, 王佳宁, 赵焕玥. 基于AEPSO-SVM算法的雷达HRRP目标识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(9): 1984-1989.
[13]	郭鹏程, 刘峥, 罗丁利. 基于两次异常检测的雷达HRRP杂波稳健目标识别方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(10): 2221-2226.
[14]	魏存伟, 段发阶, 刘先康. 基于宽带雷达HRRP舰船目标长度估计算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(9): 1960-1965.
[15]	袁家雯, 刘文波, 张弓. 基于统计建模的字典学习算法在HRRP的应用[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(4): 762-767.