作战体系能力需求敏捷开发方法研究

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.10.18

Abstract

Abstract:

The traditional combat system-of-systems (SoS) has a long development process of capability re-quirements, a weak rapid response capabilities to the dynamic changes in the battlefield situation, single source of requirements and lack of feedback adjustment mechanism. In view of the above problems, the agile deve-lopment method of combat SoS capability requirements based on system engineering "V" model and user stories is proposed. The development framework of combat SoS capability requirements is redesigned. The combat SoS capability requirements model is built based on the user stories. And a complete set of combat SoS capability requirements development process is proposed. Finally, the development process of combat SoS capability requirements is demonstrated with the example of "minefield cleaning" combat task. The example research results indicate that the proposed method provides a new technical path for solving the bidirectional source contradiction problem of combat SoS capability requirements, and can effectively improve the efficiency of deve-loping combat SoS capability requirements.

Key words: combat system-of-systems (SoS), capability requirement, agile development, user story

CLC Number:

E917

Xiangqian XU, Yajie DOU, Liwei QIAN, Jiang JIANG, Kewei YANG, Yuejin TAN. Research on agile development method-of-combat system-of-systems capability requirements[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(10): 3139-3148.

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Reporting results of operational activity requirements"

类别	具体内容
任务目标信息	①任务索引: 编号2.1清扫雷场 ②任务描述: 于预定时间之间完成, 为进攻分队清扫雷场 ③任务要求: 排雷区域长度、宽度为100 m×300 m, 排雷率达到100%, 排雷时间不大于6 h
作战活动需求2.1.1	①作战活动需求名称: 抛射扫雷 ②装备/人员: 5名操作手, 5枚气压抛射扫雷器 ③作战活动内容: 5名操作手手持气压抛射扫雷器，间隔10 m进行扫雷 ④作战效果: 清除雷场的所有拉发式地雷 ⑤作战场景: 场景1:风力等级小于2级, 目标区域植被稀疏、低矮, 5名操作手手持气压抛射扫雷器进行扫雷, 可在2 h内完成目标区域拉发式地雷的排除, 排雷率达到90%以上场景2:风力等级大于2级且小于等于7级, 目标区域植被稀疏、低矮, 5名操作手手持气压抛射扫雷器进行扫雷, 可在4 h内完成目标区域拉发式地雷的排除, 排雷率达到80%以上场景3:风力等级大于7级, 气压抛射扫雷器不可使用提出单位(人): 张某提出时间: 某年某月某日某时某分
作战活动需求2.1.2	①作战活动需求名称: 遥控清障车扫雷 ②装备/人员: 2名操作手, 1名观察员, 1辆遥控雷场清障车 ③作战活动内容: 2名操作手遥控雷场清障车对目标区域进行扫雷, 清除灌木丛和铲运树木, 1名观察员提供扫雷实况信息 ④作战效果: 清除雷场的所有地雷, 同时开辟行军通路 ⑤作战场景: 场景1:从他部调用遥控雷场清障车的时间小于等于2 h且目标区域坡度小于40°, 2名操作手遥控雷场清障车对目标区域进行扫雷, 1名观察员提供扫雷实况信息, 可在4 h内完成目标区域地雷的排除, 排雷率达到95%以上场景2:当从他部调用遥控雷场清障车的时间大于2 h且目标区域坡度小于40°, 2名操作手遥控雷场清障车对目标区域进行扫雷, 1名观察员提供扫雷实况信息, 无法在规定时间内完成排雷任务, 排雷率视作业时间而定提出单位(人): 王某提出时间: 某年某月某日某时某分
作战活动需求2.1.3	①作战活动需求名称: 驾驶履带式综合扫雷车扫雷 ②装备/人员: 1名驾驶员, 3名操作手, 1辆履带式综合扫雷车 ③作战活动内容: 1名驾驶员和3名操作手驾驶操作履带式综合扫雷车对目标区域进行扫雷, 用火箭弹大面积爆破浅层地雷 ④作战效果: 快速大面积清除雷场浅层地雷 ⑤作战场景: 场景1:当履带式综合扫雷车未被敌方侦察哨发现并打击, 使用火箭弹大面积爆破浅层地雷, 可在0.5 h内清除雷场浅层地雷, 排雷率达到100% 场景2:当履带式综合扫雷车被敌方侦察哨发现并打击, 则无法完成排雷任务提出单位(人): 沈某提出时间: 某年某月某日某时某分
作战活动需求2.1.4	①作战活动需求名称: 单兵成群推进扫雷 ②装备/人员: 10名扫雷兵, 单兵扫雷仪 ③作战活动内容: 10名扫雷兵, 手持单兵扫雷仪, 间隔3 m, 成群推进扫雷 ④作战效果: 较为隐蔽地清除目标区域压发式地雷 ⑤作战场景: 场景1:当目标区域内只有压发式地雷时, 10名扫雷兵手持单兵扫雷仪间隔3 m推进扫雷, 可在4 h内扫除目标区域压发式地雷, 排雷率达到95%以上场景2:当目标区域内有多种地雷时, 10名扫雷兵手持单兵扫雷仪间隔3 m推进扫雷, 无法在规定时间内扫除目标区域地雷, 排雷率视地雷种类数目而定。提出单位(人): 徐某提出时间: 某年某月某日某时某分
作战活动需求2.1.5	①作战活动需求名称: 使用智能排雷机器人扫雷 ②装备/人员: 2台智能排雷机器人, 4名专业操作手 ③作战活动内容: 4名专业操作手操纵2台智能排雷机器人协助人工进行排雷 ④作战效果: 协助单兵清除目标区域复杂类型的地雷 ⑤作战场景: 场景1:当目标区域植被稀疏、坡度较缓且每一台智能排雷机器人配备2名专业操作手时, 用2台智能排雷机器人配备4名专业操作手协助单兵进行复杂类型地雷的排除, 可提升单兵排雷效率200% 场景2:当目标区域植被稀疏、坡度较缓且每一台智能排雷机器人配备2名专业操作手时, 用2台智能排雷机器人配备4名专业操作手单独进行复杂类型地雷的排除, 排雷效率相当于单兵排雷的150%。提出单位(人): 徐某提出时间: 某年某月某日某时某分
. . .	. . .

Table 3

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Table 4

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项目	验收标准
项目	标准1:成功消费	标准2:卡余额不足	标准3:密码无效
规则	当卡内余额是x且卡密码验证通过的条件下	当卡密码验证失败的条件下	当卡内余额是x且卡密码验证通过的条件下
事件	发生了顾客刷卡消费金额为y, 且y＜x的事件	发生了顾客刷卡消费金额为y, 且y＞x的事件	发生了顾客刷卡消费金额为y的事件
结果	产生了顾客消费失败, 且卡内余额不变, 并在POS上提示“余额不足”的结果	产生了顾客消费成功, 且卡内余额变化为x-y的结果	产生了顾客消费失败, 且卡内余额不变, 并在POS上提示“密码错误”的结果

性质	准则	说明
完整性	关键要素完整	作战活动需求的5个要素描述完整不缺失
	字段语言完整	每个要素中的关键字段和信息描述不缺失
	目标覆盖完整	每个作战目标都有对应多个作战活动需求覆盖
一致性	模板统一	采用统一的格式和关键词表达作战活动需求
	不重复	不存在2个重复的作战活动需求, 在同一个作战活动需求下也不存在2个重复的作战场景
	符合逻辑	作战活动需求的每一个作战场景都符合逻辑
准确性	原子性	对作战活动需求的描述仅包含必要的信息
	最小化	每个作战场景只描述一种情况, 不可再拆分
	不模糊	不使用模糊词汇表达作战活动需求信息

系统	功能
人工扫雷系统	①能够灵敏地探查到压发式地雷 ②能够有效排除压发式地雷 ③运行过程具有隐蔽性
遥控扫雷系统	①能够清除低矮灌木丛, 开通道路 ②能够铲送树木, 运送破障残渣 ③支持无线遥控操作, 遥控距离可达500 m ④能够探查和排除多种类型的地雷 ⑤能够在小于40°的坡面快速移动和实施作业
智能扫雷系统	①能够智能识别地雷类型 ②能够自动化进行排雷作业 ③支持人工排雷辅助功能 ④支持远程遥控, 遥控距离可达2 000 m ⑤能够在低矮灌木丛林地形中快速移动和实施作业

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Research on agile development method-of-combat system-of-systems capability requirements

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