Fig.1

Time synchronization spanning tree for small ring network"

Fig.2

Distribution process of time synchronization information"

Fig.3

Process of peer link delay measurement"

Fig.4

Example of time synchronization link redundancy based on multi-domain synchronization"

Fig.5

Time error change of a node during periodic synchronization"

Fig.6

Relationship between PTP instances and clock instances in a single-domain architecture"

Fig.7

Position of domain information selection algorithm in multi-domain time synchronization architecture"

Fig.8

Workflow of multi-domain alternating synchronous domain selection algorithm"

Fig.9

Variation of time error when alternate synchronization algorithm is applied to dual domain slave node"

Fig.10

Workflow of minimum-hop-priority synchronization domain selection algorithm"

Fig.11

Example of minimum-hop-priority synchronization based on periodic protection tape"

Fig.12

Dual-domain synchronization used in ring networks to provide link redundancy"

Table 1

Parameter settings of simulation scenario"

Fig.13

Time error curve of end node 2 that adopts single-domain synchronization and dual-domain alternating synchronization when the link fails"

Table 2

Time error statistic result for different scenarios using alternating synchronization algorithm at end node 2  ns"

Fig.14

Time error distribution of each slave node in single-domain synchronization, dual-domain alternating synchronization with proper working and failure scenarios"

Fig.15

Time error curve of end node 2 with single-domain synchronization and the minimum-hop-priority dual-domain synchronization when the link fails"

Table 3

Time error statistic result for different scenarios using the minimum-hop-priority synchronization algorithm at end node 2  ns"

Fig.16

Time error distribution of each slave node in single-domain synchronization, the minimum-hop-priority dual-domain synchronization working properly and failure scenarios"

Table 4

Comparison of two domain selection algorithms"