MIMO-SAR成像技术发展与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.06.07

Abstract

Abstract:

As an emerging imaging mechanism of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the recently proposed multiple input multiple output SAR (MIMO-SAR) could obtain much more freedoms than the number of the physical antenna elements by utilizing waveform diversity and space diversity. As a result, it could overcome the limitation of the conventional SAR, and provide effective techniques for applications such as high resolution wide swath (HRWS) imaging, slow moving target detection, mean-time multi-mode operation and so on. This paper summarizes the research status of MIMO-SAR from domestic and abroad, analyzes its concept connotation, technical features and key technologies, and probes into its waveform designing techniques. Finally, combined with system development and practical applications, the developing trend of the MIMO-SAR imaging technique is discussed.

Key words: multiple input multiple output (MIMO), synthetic aperture radar (SAR), high resolution wide swath (HRWS), imaging

CLC Number:

TN95

Bo PANG, Shiqi XING, Dahai DAI, Yongzhen LI, Xuesong WANG. Development and perspective of MIMO-SAR imaging technology[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(6): 1248-1260.

Figures/Tables 24

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

Fig.19

Fig.20

Fig.21

Fig.22

Fig.23

Fig.24

References 76

1	REALE D, PAUCIULLO A, FORNARO G, et al.A scatterers detection scheme in SAR tomography for reconstruction and monitoring of individual buildings[C]//Proc.of the Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2011: 249-252.
2	SAUER S , FERRO-FAMIL L , REIGBER A , et al. Three-dimensional imaging and scattering mechanism estimation over urban scenes using dual-baseline polarimetric InSAR observations at L-band[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49 (11): 4616- 4629. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2147321
3	SUN X L , YU A X , DONG Z , et al. Three-dimensional SAR focusing via compressive sensing:the case study of angel stadium[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2012, 9 (4): 759- 763. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2181321
4	TAO C S , CHEN S W , LI Y Z , et al. PolSAR land cover classification based on roll-invariant and selected hidden polarimetric features in the rotation domain[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9 (7): 660- 680. doi: 10.3390/rs9070660
5	FREY O , MEIER E . Analyzing tomographic SAR data of a forest with respect to frequency, polarization, and focusing technique[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49 (10): 3648- 3659. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2125972
6	FREY O, MORSDORF F, MEIER E.Tomographic processing of multi-baseline P-band SAR data for imaging of a forested area[C]//Proc.of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007: 156-159.
7	NANNINI M , SCHEIBER R , MOREIRA A . First 3-D reconstructions of targets hidden beneath foliage by means of polarimetric SAR tomography[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2012, 9 (1): 60- 64. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2160329
8	庞礴, 代大海, 邢世其, 等. 前视SAR成像技术的发展和展望[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2013, 35 (11): 2283- 2290.
	PANG B , DAI D H , XING S Q , et al. Development and perspective of forward-looking SAR imaging technique[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35 (11): 2283- 2290.
9	张佳佳.多发多收合成孔径雷达关键技术研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学, 2014.
	ZHANG J J.Study on key techniques of MIMO-SAR[D].Xi'an: Xidian University, 2014.
10	周伟, 刘永祥, 黎湘, 等. MIMO-SAR技术发展概况及应用浅析[J]. 雷达学报, 2014, 3 (1): 10- 18.
	ZHOU W , LIU Y X , LI X , et al. Brief analysis on the development and application of multi-input multi-output synthetic aperture radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2014, 3 (1): 10- 18.
11	周伟.多发多收合成孔径雷达成像及动目标检测技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学, 2013.
	ZHOU W.Research on synthetic aperture imaging and ground moving target indication based on MIMO SAR system[D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2013.
12	MEHRA R K . Optimal input signals for parameter estimation in dynamic systems survey and new results[J]. IEEE Trans.on Automat Control, 1974, 19 (6): 753- 768. doi: 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100701
13	FOSCHINI G J . Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multielement antennas[J]. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 1996, 1 (2): 41- 59.
14	孙斌.分布式MIMO雷达目标定位与功率分配研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学, 2014.
	SUN B.Research on target localization and power allocation in widely separated MIMO radar[D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2014.
15	RABIDEAU D.Ubiquitous MIMO digital array radar[C]//Proc.of the 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, 2003: 1057-1064.
16	FISHLER E, HAIMOVICH A, BLU R, et al.MIMO radar: an idea whose time has come[C]//Proc.of the Radar Confe-rence, 2004: 71-78.
17	ROBEY F C, COUTTS S, WEIKLE D, et al.MIMO radar theory and experimental results[C]//Proc.of the Conference Record of the 38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004: 300-304.
18	FISHLER E, HAIMOVICH A, BLUM R, et al.Performance of MIMO radar systems: Advantages of angular diversity[C]//Proc.of the Conference Record of the 38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004: 305-309.
19	陈浩文.MIMO雷达阵列目标参数估计与系统设计研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学, 2012.
	CHEN H W.Target parameter estimations and system design for MIMO radar array[D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2012.
20	ENDER J H G.MIMO-SAR[C]//Proc.of the International Radar Symposium, 2007: 580-588.
21	孟藏珍, 许稼, 谭贤四, 等. MIMO-SAR成像技术发展机遇与挑战[J]. 太赫兹科学与电子信息学报, 2015, 13 (3): 423- 430.
	MENG C Z , XU J , TAN X S , et al. Development opportunities and challenges of MIMO-SAR imaging technology[J]. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology, 2015, 13 (3): 423- 430.
22	王杰, 丁赤飚, 梁兴东, 等. 机载同时同频MIMO-SAR系统研究概述[J]. 雷达学报, 2018, 7 (2): 220- 234.
	WANG J , DING C B , LIANG X D , et al. Research outline of airborne MIMO-SAR system with same time-frequency Coverage[J]. Journal of Radars, 2018, 7 (2): 220- 234.
23	李棉全, 马梁, 李永祯, 等. 瞬态极化雷达接收滤波器的优化设计[J]. 电子学报, 2010, 38 (12): 2915- 2919.
	LI M Q , MA L , LI Y Z , et al. Optimization of receiver filter for instantaneous polarization radar[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2010, 38 (12): 2915- 2919.
24	邹博, 赖涛, 梁甸农. 基于步进频率正交信号的星载MIMO-GMTI雷达空时频处理研究[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2010, 32 (4): 72- 77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2486.2010.04.013
	ZOU B , LAI T , LIANG D N . Study of space time frequency processing for spaceborne MIMO-GMTI radar based on stepped frequency orthogonal waveform[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2010, 32 (4): 72- 77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2486.2010.04.013
25	MITTERMAYER J, MARTINEZ J M.Analysis of range ambiguity suppression in SAR by up and down chirp modulation for point and distributed targets[C]//Proc.of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003: 4077-4079.
26	KHAN H A, EDWARDS D J.Doppler problems in orthogonal MIMO radars[C]//Proc.of Radar Conference, 2006: 244-247.
27	WANG W Q . Virtual antenna array analysis for MIMO synthetic aperture radars[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 587276.
28	CASTELLANOS G, JIROUSEK M, PEICHL M.Orthogonal waveform experiments with a highly digitized radar[C]//Proc.of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2012: 103-106.
29	KRIEGER G , GEBERT N , MOREIRA A . Multidimensional waveform encoding:a new digital beamforming technique for synthetic aperture radar remote sensing[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008, 46 (1): 31- 46. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2007.905974
30	KLARE J.Digital beamforming for a 3D MIMO SAR-Improvements through frequency and waveform diversity[C]//Proc.of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2018.DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4780016.
31	KRIEGER G . MIMO-SAR:opportunities and pitfalls[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2014, 52 (5): 2628- 2645. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2263934
32	ALAMOUTI S . A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1998, 16 (8): 1451- 1458. doi: 10.1109/49.730453
33	KIM J, OSSOWSKA A, WIESBECK W.Investigation of MIMO SAR for interferometry[C]//Proc.of the European Radar Conference, 2007: 51-54.
34	KRIEGER G , GEBERT N , MOREIRA A . Multidimensional waveform encoding:a new digital beamforming technique for synthetic aperture radar remote sensing[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008, 46 (1): 31- 46. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2007.905974
35	武其松, 井伟, 邢孟道, 等. 多维波形编码信号大测绘带成像[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 36 (5): 801- 806. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2009.05.008
	WU Q S , JING W , XING M D , et al. Wide swath imaging with multidimensional waveform encoding[J]. Journal of Xidian University (Natural Science), 2009, 36 (5): 801- 806. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2009.05.008
36	ZOU B , DONG Z , LIANG D N . Design and performance analysis of orthogonal coding signal in MIMO SAR[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2011, 54 (8): 1723- 1737. doi: 10.1007/s11432-011-4284-x
37	MENG C Z , XU J , XIA X G , et al. MIMO-SAR waveform separation based on inter-pulse phase modulation and range-Doppler decouple filtering[J]. Electronics Letters, 2013, 49 (6): 420- 422. doi: 10.1049/el.2013.0016
38	林月冠.基于压缩感知的多通道雷达成像技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学, 2012.
	LIN G Y.Research on multichannel radar imaging technique based on compressive sensing[D].Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012.
39	WANG J , LIANG X D , DING C B , et al. An improved OFDM chirp waveform used for MIMO SAR system[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2014, 57 (6): 1- 9.
40	WANG J , LIANG X D , CHEN L Y , et al. A novel space-time coding scheme used for MIMO-SAR systems[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12 (7): 1156- 1560.
41	WANG W Q . Space-time coding MIMO-OFDM SAR for high-resolution imaging[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49 (8): 3094- 3104. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2116030
42	WANG W Q.MIMO-based SAR ground moving target detection approach[C]//Proc.of the International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, 2011: 608-611.
43	WANG W Q , CAI J Y . MIMO SAR using chirp diverse waveform for wide-swath remote sensing[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace Electronics Systems, 2012, 48 (4): 3171- 3185. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2012.6324689
44	WANG W Q . Mitigating range ambiguities in high PRF SAR with OFDM waveform diversity[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2013, 10 (1): 101- 105. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2193870
45	WANG W Q . MIMO SAR OFDM chirp waveform diversity design with random matrix modulation[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2015, 53 (3): 1615- 1625. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2346478
46	赵官华, 付耀文, 聂镭, 等. 多发多收SAR波形设计与高分辨成像技术综述[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2016, 38 (3): 525- 531.
	ZHAO G H , FU Y W , NIE L , et al. Review of multi-input multi-output SAR waveform design and high resolution imaging[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2016, 38 (3): 525- 531.
47	LI N , TANG J , PENG Y N . Adaptive pulse compression of MIMO radar based on GSC[J]. Electronics Letters, 2008, 44 (20): 1217- 1218. doi: 10.1049/el:20081215
48	ROBERTS W , HE H , LI J , et al. Probing waveform synthesis and receiver filters design[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2010, 27 (4): 99- 112. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2010.936724
49	WANG J , ZHU K H , WANG L N , et al. A novel orthogonal waveform separation scheme for airborne MIMO-SAR systems[J]. Sensors, 2018, 18, 3580- 3591.
50	井伟, 武其松, 邢孟道, 等. 多子带并发的MIMO-SAR高分辨大测绘带成像[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2008, 20 (16): 4373- 4378.
	JING W , WU Q S , XING M D , et al. Image formation of wide-swath high resolution MIMO-SAR[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2008, 20 (16): 4373- 4378.
51	武其松, 井伟, 邢孟道, 等. MIMO-SAR大测绘带成像[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2009, 31 (4): 772- 775.
	WU Q S , JING W , XING M D , et al. Wide swath imaging with MIMO-SAR[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2009, 31 (4): 772- 775.
52	王力宝.多输入多输出合成孔径雷达关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2010.
	WANG L B.Research on challenge technologies of MIMO-SAR[D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2010.
53	丁泽刚, 刘旻昆, 王岩, 等. 基于压缩感知的地基MIMO SAR近场层析成像研究[J]. 信号处理, 2019, 35 (5): 729- 740.
	DING Z G , LIU M K , WANG Y , et al. near-field ground-based MIMO SAR tomography via compressive sensing[J]. Signal Processing, 2019, 35 (5): 729- 740.
54	KONG L Y , XU X J . A MIMO-SAR tomography algorithm based on fully-polarimetric data[J]. Sensors, 2019, 19, 4839- 4850. doi: 10.3390/s19224839
55	KANTOR J, DAVIS S K.Airborne GMTI using MIMO techniques[C]//Proc.of the Radar Conference, 2010: 1344-1349.
56	KANTOR J M, DAVIS S K.Airborne MIMO GMTI radar[R].USA: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 2011.
57	ENDER J, BRENNER A.PAMIR-a wideband phased array SAR/MTI system[C]//Proc.of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2010: 157-162.
58	BRENNER A , ROESSING L . Radar imaging of urban areas by means of very high-resolution SAR and interferometric SAR[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008, 46 (10): 2971- 2982. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.920911
59	BRENNER A R.Proof of concept for airborne SAR imaging with 5 cm resolution in X-band[C]//Proc.of the 8th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2010.
60	BRENNER A, ESSEN H, STILLA U, et al.Representation of stationary vehicles in ultra-high resolution SAR and turntable ISAR images[C]//Proc.of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (EUSAR), 2012: 147-150.
61	WEIB M, ENDER J H G.A 3D imaging radar for small unmanned airplanes ARTINO[C]//Proc.of the European Radar Conference, 2005: 229-232.
62	WEI B M, PETERS O, ENDER J.A three dimensional SAR system on an UAV[C]//Proc.of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007: 5315-5318.
63	KLARE J, BRENNER A, ENDER J.Impact of platform attitude disturbances on the 3D imaging quality of the UAV ARTINO[C]//Proc.of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2008: 191-194.
64	KLARE J, CERUTTI-MAORI D, BRENNER A, et al.Image quality analysis of the vibrating sparse MIMO antenna array of the airborne 3D imaging radar ARTINO[C]//Proc.of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007: 5310-5314.
65	STEYSKAL H, SCHINDLER J K.Distributed arrays and signal processing for the Techsat-21 space-based radar[R].USA: Airforce Labarotary, 2009.
66	邹博.多发多收雷达GMTI研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学, 2011.
	ZOU B.Study of GMTI in MIMO radar[D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2011.
67	AGUTTES J P.The SAR train concept: an along-track formation of SAR satellites for diluting the antenna area over N smaller satellites, while increasing performance by N[C]//Proc.of the 55th International Astronautical Congress, 2004: 919-925.
68	KIM J , YOUNIS M , PRATS P , et al. First spaceborne demonstration of digital beamforming for azimuth ambiguity suppression[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2013, 51 (1): 579- 590. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2201947
69	BUCHREUSS S , SCHATTLER B , FRITZ T , et al. Ten years of TerraSAR-X operations[J]. Remote Sensing, 2018, 10 (6): 873. doi: 10.3390/rs10060873
70	KRIEGER G , MOREIRA A , FIEDLER H , et al. TanDEM-X:a satellite formation for high-resolution SAR interferometry[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2007, 45 (11): 3317- 3341. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2007.900693
71	WESSEL B, GRUBER A, GONZALEZ J H, et al.TanDEM-X: DEM calibration concept[C]//Proc.of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008: 111-114.
72	GONZALEZ J H, BACHMANN M, SCHEIBER R, et al.TanDEM-X DEM calibration and processing experiments with E-SAR[C]//Proc.of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008: 115-118.
73	ZINK M, KRIEGER G, FIEDLER H, et al.The TanDEM-X mission concept[C]//Proc.of the 7th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2008.DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.501.
74	GIERULL C H , CERUTTI-MAOR D , ENDER J . Ground moving target indication with TanDEM satellite constellations[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2008, 5 (4): 710- 714. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2008.2004360
75	TARCHI D , OLIVERI F , SAMMARTINO P F . MIMO radar and groundbased SAR imaging systems:equivalent approaches for remote sensing[J]. IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2013, 51 (1): 425- 435. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2199120
76	SU Y , ZHU Y T , YU W X . Multi-channel radararray design method and algorithm[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2010, 40 (10): 1372- 1383.

[1]	Tian MIAO, Hongcheng ZENG, He WANG, Jie CHEN. A fast extraction method of flood areas based on iterative threshold segmentation using spaceborne SAR data [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(9): 2760-2768.
[2]	Taiyang HU, Jinyu ZHANG, Hailiang LU, Pengfei LI, Yinan LI, Rongchuan LYU. Distributed synthetic aperture microwave radiometric high-resolution imaging algorithm based on data fusion [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(8): 2403-2409.
[3]	Caiyun WANG, Yida WU, Jianing WANG, Lu MA, Huanyue ZHAO. SAR image target recognition based on combinatorial optimization convolutional neural network [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(8): 2483-2487.
[4]	Dongning FU, Guisheng LIAO, Yan HUANG, Bangjie ZHANG, Xing WANG. Time-varying narrow-band interference suppression algorithm for SAR based on graph Laplacian embedding [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(6): 1846-1853.
[5]	Minghui GAI, Su ZHANG, Weitian SUN, Yude NI, Lei YANG. Structural-feature enhancement of SAR targets based on complex value compatible total variation [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(6): 1862-1872.
[6]	Anlin XU, Yu ZHANG, Feng ZHOU. High resolution ISAR imaging based on Beta process [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(6): 1873-1879.
[7]	Yuzhuo WANG, Shengqi ZHU, Ximin LI, Lan LAN. Range ambiguous clutter suppression for FDA MIMO bistatic radar with main lobe correction [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(5): 1483-1494.
[8]	Penghui JI, Dahai DAI, Shiqi XING, Dejun FENG. Dense false moving targets generation method [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(5): 1502-1511.
[9]	Sheng CHEN, Yongbo ZHAO, Xiaojiao PANG, Yili HU, Chenghu CAO. Beam space refined maximum likelihood algorithm for VHF MIMO radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(5): 1520-1526.
[10]	Yongzhi YU, Chunhong ZHANG, Hai HAO. Downlink energy efficiency optimization for massive MIMO systems with imperfect CSI [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(5): 1694-1700.
[11]	Yanfang HU, Baixiao CHEN, Chuanzhang WU. Anti-cross-eye jamming method based on monopulse radar 3-D imaging [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(4): 1188-1194.
[12]	Dong CHEN, Yanwei JU. Ship object detection SAR images based on semantic segmentation [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(4): 1195-1201.
[13]	Lei YANG, Su ZHANG, Minghui GAI, Cheng FANG. High-resolution SAR imagery with enhancement of directional structure feature [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(3): 808-818.
[14]	Mingze WANG, Wei LI, Junwei MA, Xiangping LI. Clutter suppression algorithm based on pixel vector elimination in through-the-wall radar [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(3): 827-833.
[15]	Junjie WANG, Dejun FENG, Weidong HU. Two-dimensional SAR image modulation method based on time-varying materials [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(2): 455-462.

Development and perspective of MIMO-SAR imaging technology

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 24

References 76

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments