超视距传播机制下的时差定位折射修正技术

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.07.05

Abstract

Abstract:

In response to the significant increase of atmospheric refraction error caused by two types of over-the-horizon propagation mechanisms: atmospheric duct and tropospheric scattering, which seriously affect the long-distance target positioning accuracy of the three station passive time difference positioning system, a refraction correction of time difference of arrival(TDOA) method for the over-the-horizon propagation mechanism is proposed. The method uses ray tracing technology to accurately calculate the ray trajectory parameters on the signal propagation path in the influence of atmospheric duct and tropospheric scattering environment, the measured time delay difference error from refraction is corrected with CHAN algorithm, and the geometric dilution accuracy calculation principle is used to evaluate the accuracy of the correction result. The evaluation results fully verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the correction technology and the method can significantly improve the positioning accuracy of over-the-horizon targets for the TDOA system.

Key words: time difference of arrival (TDOA), atmospheric duct, tropospheric scattering, refraction correction, ray tracing, geometric dilution of precision (GDOP)

CLC Number:

TN97

Qinglin ZHU, Fang SUN, Shanfeng YAO, Xinxin OUYANG, Hongguang WANG, Jie HAN, Xiang DONG, Shoubao ZHANG, Zhenwei ZHAO. Refraction correction of TDOA technique for over-the-horizon propagation mechanism[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(7): 2119-2126.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

References 37

1	董翔, 慈颖, 盛午刚, 等. 大气波导对无源定位差分时延精度的影响[J]. 电波科学学报, 2020, 35 (6): 847- 855.
	DONG X , CI Y , SHENG W G , et al. Impact of atmospheric duct on time difference presision of passive location system[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2020, 35 (6): 847- 855.
2	LIU B , TENG Y L , HUANG Q . GDOP minimum with satellites in the single-point positioning[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2017, 60 (7): 1400- 1403.
3	LIU Z , CHEN X H , LIU J , et al. Method for estimating tropospheric bias in passive detection system[J]. The Journal of Engineering, 2018, 6, 332- 335.
4	SU X L , HU P H , WEI Z H , et al. Dimension decomposition algorithm for multiple source localization using uniform circular array[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 34 (3): 650- 660.
5	WANG W , WANG G , HO K C , et al. Robust TDOA localization based on maximum correntropy criterion with variable center[J]. Signal Processing, 2023, 205, 108860.
6	CONG X , SUN Y , YANG Y B , et al. Localization in modified polar representation[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 35 (3): 575- 588.
7	WEI H W , WEN F , CHENG J . On optimality of multidimensional scaling for time differences of arrival/frequency differences of arrival based moving source localisation[J]. IET Signal Processing, 2022, 16 (8): 1002- 1010.
8	SUN Y M , HO K C , WANG G , et al. Computationally attractive and location robust estimator for IoT device positioning[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022, 9 (13): 10891- 10907.
9	仇旭东, 张海瑛, 窦修全. 基于等效地球半径的超短波超视距时差定位方法[J]. 计算机测量与控制, 2024, 32 (2): 276- 282.
	QIU X D , ZHANG H Y , DOU X Q . Ultrashort wave over the horizon time difference positioning method based on equivalent earth radius[J]. Computer Measurement & Control, 2024, 32 (2): 276- 282.
10	张书强, 郭福成, 张敏, 等. 大气折射对高程约束下时差定位误差的影响及修正[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42 (3): 521- 526. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.03.003
	ZHANG S Q , GUO F C , ZHANG M , et al. Influence analysis of atmospheric refraction nonelevation-constrained TDOA source localization error and its correction[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42 (3): 521- 526. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.03.003
11	孙方, 王红光, 康士峰, 等. 大气波导环境下的射线追踪算法[J]. 电波科学学报, 2008, 23 (1): 179- 183. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0388.2008.01.032
	SUN F , WANG H G , KANG S F , et al. A ray tracing algorithmforduct environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2008, 23 (1): 179- 183. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0388.2008.01.032
12	孙方, 赵振维, 康士峰, 等. 大气波导传播模型及特性分析[J]. 装备环境工程, 2009, 6 (6): 16- 20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9242.2009.06.005
	SUN F , ZHAO Z W , KANG S F , et al. Atmospheric duct propagation model and characteristic analysis[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2009, 6 (6): 16- 20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9242.2009.06.005
13	HITNEY H V. Hybrid ray optics and parabolic equation methods for radar propagation modeling[C]//Proc. of the International Conference Radar, 1992: 58-61.
14	李超, 张子龙, 王德民, 等. 三站时差定位GDOP影响因素分析[J]. 指挥信息系统与技术, 2021, 12 (3): 49- 53.
	LI C , ZHANG Z L , WANG D M , et al. Analysis on influencing factors of tristation TDOA position's GDOP[J]. Command Information System and Technology, 2021, 12 (3): 49- 53.
15	黄捷. 电波大气折射误差修正[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1999.
	HUANG J . Electric wave atmospheric refraction error correction[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1999.
16	陈西宏, 刘强, 刘继业. 基于对流层散射信道的时间同步技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018.
	CHEN X H , LIU Q , LIU J Y . Time-synchronous technique based on tropospheric scattering channels[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2018.
17	汪波, 薛磊. 基于遗传算法的TDOA定位系统的最优布站算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2010, 31 (9): 2125- 2128.
	WANG B , XUE L . Station arrangement strategy of TDOA location system based ongenetic algorithm[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2010, 31 (9): 2125- 2128.
18	夏伟. 多站无源时差定位系统布站方法研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2019.
	XIA W. Stations distribution study of passive time difference localization system using multiple sensors[D]. Xi'an: Xidian University, 2019.
19	BHATTI J A, HUMPHREYS T E, LEDVINA B M. Development and demonstration of a TDOA-based GNSS interference signal localization system[C]//Proc. of the Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 2012: 455-469.
20	MELLEN G , PACHTER M , RAQUET J . Closed-form solution for determining emitter location using time difference of arrival measurements[J]. IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2003, 39 (3): 1056- 1058.
21	欧阳鑫信, 姚山峰, 杨宇翔, 等. 跳频信号的相参与非相参积累时频差估计方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43 (5): 1184- 1190. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.05.04
	OUYANG X X , YAO S F , YANG Y X , et al. Coherent and non-coherent integration TDOA/FDOA estimation method of frequency-hopping signals[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43 (5): 1184- 1190. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.05.04
22	姚山峰, 欧阳鑫信, 贺青, 等. 窄带跳频信号的无模糊时差估计算法[J]. 电子学报, 2019, 47 (4): 798- 805. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2019.04.005
	YAO S F , OUYANG X X , HE Q , et al. Unambiguous TDOA estimation algorithm of narrowband frequency hopping signal[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2019, 47 (4): 798- 805. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2019.04.005
23	ANDREW L, INDER J. Direct mapping method for time difference of arrival based geolocation[C]//Proc. of the IEEE USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, 2016: 9-10.
24	李艇. 布站方式对四站时差定位精度的影响[J]. 舰船电子对抗, 2021, 44 (4): 21- 24.
	LI T . Impact of station layout mode on positioning accuracy of four-station TDOA location[J]. Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2021, 44 (4): 21- 24.
25	SUN H. Research and implementation of multi-station passive TDOA location algorithm[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2017.
26	陈莹莹, 谢坚. 基于无源时差定位系统的机动目标跟踪算法[J]. 电子科技, 2012, 25 (7): 61- 65.
	CHEN Y Y , XIE J . Research on maneuvering target tracking based on the TDOA location system[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2012, 25 (7): 61- 65.
27	ZHANG Z , TONG L . Precision analysis of passive location of 4-stations based on TDOA[J]. Journal of CAEIT, 2010 (6): 582- 585.
28	HUNG J . Correction for atmospheric refraction error of radio wave[M]. Beijing: National Defend Industry Press, 2000.
29	CHEN Y Q , YU X M . Establishment and validation of atmospheric refraction correction model for deep space station[J]. Manned Space Fight, 2018, 24 (2): 260- 266.
30	LIU X . Correction of atmosphere transmission errors of radar measurement data[J]. Command Information Systems and Technology, 2010, 1 (13): 27- 29.
31	张书强. 大气折射条件下多站时差频差无源定位及测速技术研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2019.
	ZHANG S Q. Research on passive location and velocity measurement technology by TDOA and FDOA of multiple stations under atmospheric refraction conditions[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2019.
32	刘伟, 王若冰. 无规则分布多站时差定位方法研究[J]. 电子对抗, 2006(6): 8-11.
	Location method by using TDOA in ruleless distributed multisites[J]. Electronic Warfare, 2006(6): 8-11.
33	LIU Y L , LIU J M . Study on the locating precision of target's height based on 3R and the atmospheric refraction[J]. Computer Engineering and Science, 2012 (11): 190- 196.
34	LIU C J, WANG C F, LE D. Influence of correction for atmospheric refraction in passive TDOA location on system TDOA error[C]//Proc. of the International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences, 2019.
35	RICCIATO F , SCIANCALEPORE S , GRINGOLI F , et al. Position and velocity estimation of a non-cooperative source from asynchronous packet arrival time measurements[J]. IEEE Trans.on Mobile Computing, 2018, 17 (9): 2166- 2179.
36	ROBERTO C, FABIO R, BLAZ R. Nanosecond-precision time-of-arrival estimation for aircraft signals with low-cost SDR receivers[C]//Proc. of the 17th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2018.
37	张国亭, 王宏, 朱庆林, 等. 电波大气折射误差精细化修正系统设计与验证[J]. 电波科学学报, 2023, 38 (6): 1074- 1081.
	ZHANG G T , WANG H , ZHU Q L , et al. Design and verification of high precision correction system for radio wave atmospheric refraction error[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2023, 38 (6): 1074- 1081.

[1]	Qiang TANG, Gaoping SHAO, Minglei SUN, Shuai SHAO. tdoa-doa underwater target passive localization algorithm with sensor position errors [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(8): 2572-2580.
[2]	Xingsong DEND, Liang QI, Yuanjiang ZHU, Fan YANG, Zhichen JIANG, Zhiyong LIU. Positioning method using time difference measurements from multi-station based on precise distance information of observation stations [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(8): 2592-2599.
[3]	Chen LI, Chen ZHOU, Junming WANG, Mingjie LYU, Wei QIAO. Theoretical analysis of shortwave TDOA geolocation based on empirical ionospheric model [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(7): 1911-1919.
[4]	Yongzhen LI, Yemin LIU, Shiqi XING, Datong HUANG, Zhengwen LU. Study on passive direction-finding and SAR deception jamming method based on multi-receiver cooperation [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(12): 3792-3805.
[5]	Yemin LIU, Yongzhen LI, Datong HUANG, Shiqi XING, Xiaowei YU. Research on the method of dual-jammer system against SAR-GMTI based on integration of reconnaissance and jamming [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(10): 3098-3107.
[6]	Shengyang HE, Jiepeng DU, Yaqin ZHAO, Baoying WANG, Liang ZHAO, Longwen WU. TDOA-based cooperative single target location using UAV cluster [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(1): 1-8.
[7]	Xinxin OUYANG, Shanfeng YAO, Yuxiang YANG, Qing HE, Qun WAN. Coherent and non-coherent integration TDOA/FDOA estimation method of frequency-hopping signals [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(5): 1184-1190.
[8]	Chao DING, Weiguo DAI, Sen WANG, Yusheng CHENG. Optimal disposition of vector submerged buoy array based on geometrical dilution of precision [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(11): 3107-3117.
[9]	Siyuan HE, Lingkun ZHU, Jin LIU, Zhidan BIAN, Yunhua ZHANG, Guoqiang ZHU. Research and implementation of forward automatic modeling methodfor radar target scattering center [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(10): 2706-2717.
[10]	Donghua HUANG, Yongsheng ZHAO, Yongjun ZHAO. Target localization algorithm from DOA-TDOA measurements in passive radar with transmitter and receiver position errors [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(9): 1961-1968.
[11]	OUYANG Xinxin, YANG Yuxiang, YAO Shanfeng, HE Qing. TDOA/FDOA estimation algorithm of multi-carrier signals based on CAF coherent integration [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(8): 1881-1886.
[12]	WANG Shengliang, LIU Genyou, GAO Ming, WANG Jiachen, WANG Binbin. Application of improved adaptive genetic algorithm in TDOA location [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(2): 254-258.
[13]	WANG Xudong, DONG Wenjie, WU Nan. Hybrid TDOA/AOA algorithm based high accuracy indoor visible light positioning [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(10): 2371-2377.
[14]	ZHOU Gongqian, YANG Lujing, LIU Zhong. Improved incomplete constrained weighted least squares TDOA/FDOA passive location method#br# [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 40(8): 1686-1692.
[15]	YANG Chao, CHEN Jing, WANG Yizhi, GUO Lixin. Inversion of atmospheric duct from the radar sea clutter with the improved backtracking search algorithm [J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 40(8): 1743-1749.

Refraction correction of TDOA technique for over-the-horizon propagation mechanism

RichHTML

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 14

References 37

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments