低轨卫星物联网场景下基于吸引子选择算法的多星负载均衡算法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2022.04.34

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低地球轨道(low earth orbit, LEO)卫星物联网系统中由于低轨卫星的高速运动, 导致卫星波束覆盖范围内节点业务模型在空间和时间两个维度呈现不均匀性和时变性。针对这一特征, 提出一种空时二维卫星物联网业务模型, 在空间维度采用网格划分的方法确定不同地理环境下节点密度和坐标位置, 在时间维度采用贝塔分布进行建模, 从而实现LEO卫星物联网业务模型空时两个维度的建模。在此基础上, 针对未来LEO卫星星座多星覆盖的场景, 提出一种基于吸引子模型的多星负载均衡算法, 卫星侧通过负载估计算法估计各个卫星的活性度, 节点侧结合接入不同卫星的俯仰角等参数采用多属性决策算法估计不同卫星对于节点的设备满意度, 在LEO卫星高动态环境下使得卫星的网络活性度保持一种动态的平衡。仿真结果表明，相比于传统的基于最高优先级的接入策略, 所提算法在单星业务峰均比、系统资源利用率、随机接入性能等方面有了显著的提高。

关键词: 物联网, 低地球轨道卫星物联网, 卫星物联网业务模型, 负载均衡, 吸引子选择,

Abstract:

In low earth orbit(LEO) satellite internet of things system, due to the high-speed movement of LEO satellite, the node business model within the coverage of satellite beam presents non-uniformity and time variability in space and time. In view of this feature, a space-time two-dimensional satellite internet of things business model is proposed. In the spatial dimension, the grid division method is used to determine the node density and coordinate position in different geographical environments, and the beta distribution is used for modeling in the time dimension, so as to realize the space-time two-dimensional modeling of LEO satellite internet of things business model. On this basis, aiming at the scenario of multi satellite coverage of LEO satellite constellation in the future, a multi satellite load balancing algorithm based on attractor model is proposed. The satellite side estimates the activity of each satellite through the load estimation algorithm, and the node side uses multi-attribute decision-making algorithm to estimate the equipment satisfaction of different satellites to the node in combination with the pitch angle and other parameters of different satellites, In the high dynamic environment of LEO satellites, the network activity of satellites is kept in a dynamic balance. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional access strategy based on the highest priority, the proposed algorithm has significantly improved the peak to average ratio of single satellite service, system resource utilization, random access performance and so on.

Key words: internet of things, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, internet of things, satellite internet of things business model, load balancing, attractor selection

中图分类号:

TN927.7

程一凡, 洪涛, 丁晓进, 张更新. 低轨卫星物联网场景下基于吸引子选择算法的多星负载均衡算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(4): 1354-1363.

Yifan CHENG, Tao HONG, Xiaojin DING, Gengxin ZHANG. Multi-satellite load balancing algorithm based on attractor selection algorithm in low earth orbit satellite internet of things scenario[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(4): 1354-1363.

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参数	参数值
星座类型	OneWeb
划分区域	南纬10°-北纬14° 西经15°-东经20°
网格划分精度	纬度间隔2° 经度间隔2.5°
总节点数	5 000~10 000
节点业务到达模型	服从Beta分布
产生新业务的时间	100个时隙
前导码冲突的节点退避方式	二进制指数退避
退避窗口长度	50个时隙
可用前导码个数	15
用于流量控制的退避窗口长度/个	50
时隙长度/ms	16

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