基于DoDAF的舰船实战化需求建模与分析方法

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.10.23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

舰船装备正向设计需求分析存在系统性、完备性、合理性不足，与实战化需求匹配度不高等问题。根据基于模型的系统工程思想建立基于国防部体系结构框架（Department of Defense Architecture Framework，DoDAF）的舰船实战化需求建模与分析方法。首先，定义舰船实战化需求的概念内涵，围绕舰船实战化需求分析目的，对DoDAF进行适应性剪裁，建立面向舰船实战化需求分析的DoDAF建模方法。然后，构建可拓展的舰船设计领域本体模型，建立以活动为中心的舰船实战化需求映射分解和结构化提取方法。示例分析表明，所提方法补充完善了实际作战场景下的舰船实战化需求，有利于提高舰船设计要求与舰船实战化需求的匹配度。所提方法可为舰船装备正向设计需求分析提供方法论指导，对于从需求设计源头提升舰船装备正向设计水平具有重要意义。

关键词: 舰船设计, 需求分析, 实战化需求, 基于模型的系统工程, 国防部体系结构框架, DoDAF元模型

Abstract:

There is a lack of systematicness, completeness, rationality, and a low matching degree with the actual combat requirements in the requirements analysis of the warship forward design process. According to the idea of model-based systems engineering, a modeling and analysis approach for the warship actual combat requirements is proposed based on the Department of Defense Architecture Framework （DoDAF）. Firstly, the concept connotations of warship actual combat requirements are defined, and the DoDAF modeling method for analyzing the actual requirements of warships is adaptively tailored around the purpose of analyzing the warship actual combat requirements. Secondly, by constructing the expandable domain ontology model of warship design, the activity-centered mapping decomposition and structural extraction approaches are established. The example analysis shows that the proposed approach supplements and improves the practical requirements of warships in actual combat scenarios, which is conducive to improving the matching degree between warship design requirements and warship combat requirements. The proposed approach can provide methodological guidance for the requirements analysis in the forward design of warships. It is significant for improving the forward design level of warships from the design source of requirements.

Key words: warship design, requirements analysis, actual combat requirement, model-based systems engineering (MBSE), Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), DoDAF meta-model (DM2)

中图分类号:

U 674.7

陈成, 张祥瑞, 杨中源, 周华伟, 何秦, 韩灿. 基于DoDAF的舰船实战化需求建模与分析方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2025, 47(10): 3389-3400.

Cheng CHEN, Xiangrui ZHANG, Zhongyuan YANG, Huawei ZHOU, Qin HE, Can HAN. Modeling and analysis approach for actual combat requirements of warships based on DoDAF[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2025, 47(10): 3389-3400.

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舰船实战化需求要素		DM2要素
使用需求	活动（任务，流程）	活动
	组织（主体）	组织
	资源	资源
	条件	条件
	规则	规则
	预期效果	预期效果
系统需求	功能（活动，逻辑）	功能
	系统	系统
	资源	资源
	条件	条件
	规则	规则
	预期效果	预期效果

DM2 术语	DoDAF模型
DM2 术语	OV-1	OV-2	OV-3	OV-4	OV-5a	OV-5b	OV-6a	OV-6b	OV-6c	SV-1	SV-4	SV-5a	SV-5b	SV-10a	SV-10b	SV-10c	CV-1	CV-2
活动	—	n	n	—	n	n	o	n	n	n	n	n	o	o	n	n	n	n
协定	—	—	—	—	—	o	o	o	o	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
能力	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	o	—	—	—	n	n
条件	—	o	o	—	—	o	o	o	o	o	o	o	o	o	o	o	n	n
数据	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	n	—	—	o	o	o	—	—
预期效果	—	—	—	—	—	—	o	—	—	—	—	—	—	o	—	—	n	n
指南	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df
信息	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo
组织	—	o	o	o	—	o	o	o	o	o	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
执行者	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo
资源	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo
规则	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo	dfo
标准	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df	df
系统	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	n	o	—	n	n	n	n	—	o
功能	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	n	o	—	n	n	n	n	—	o

舰船实战化需求适应DM2的形式化描述		DoDAF模型
使用需求	活动（任务，流程）	OV-1, OV-2, OV-3, OV-5a, OV-5b, OV-6a, OV-6b, OV-6c, SV-5a, SV-5b, CV-6
	组织（主体）	OV-2, OV-4, OV-5b, OV-6a, OV-6b, OV-6c, CV-5
	资源	OV-2, OV-3, OV-5b
	条件	OV-5b, OV-6a, OV-6b, OV-6c
	规则	OV-5b, OV-6a, OV-6b, OV-6c
	预期效果	CV-1, CV-2, OV-5b, OV-6a
系统需求	功能（活动，逻辑）	SV-1a, SV-1b, SV-4a, SV-4b, SV-5a, SV-10a, SV-10b, SV-10c
	系统	SV-1a, SV-1b, SV-4b, SV-5b, SV-10a, SV-10b, SV-10c
	资源	SV-1b, SV-4b
	条件	SV-4b, SV-10a, SV-10b, SV-10c
	规则	SV-4b, SV-10a, SV-10b, SV-10c
	预期效果	CV-1, CV-2, SV-4b, SV-10a

序号	系统技术要求	需求维度	需求来源SV	需求来源OV
STR1	系留索具存放位置与舰载机停机位间的距离不得超过X m	人员-舰体平台	SV-4b A3	OV-5b A2
STR2	系留索具的类型和数量应与舰载机的类型和数量相匹配	舰载装备-舰载系统	SV-4b A3	OV-5b A2
STR3	系留索具的接口形式、数量和位置应与舰载机相适配	舰载装备-舰载系统	SV-4b A3	OV-5b A2
STR4	系留索具的最小破断载荷不得小于X kN	舰载装备-舰载系统	SV-4b A3	OV-5b A2
STR5	系留索具的长度和重量应满足人因要求	人员-舰载系统	SV-4b A3	OV-5b A2
STR6	极端恶劣环境下舰载机的系留方案应满足安全要求	舰载装备-舰载系统	SV-4b A3	OV-5b A2
$ \vdots $	$ \vdots $	$ \vdots $	$ \vdots $	$ \vdots $

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