基于α-η-μ分布的电离层闪烁信号衰落建模

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.10.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电离层闪烁严重影响无线电波传播特性，极大恶化卫星信号传输性能，如何准确刻画电离层闪烁下信号衰落特性是卫星通信、导航、雷达等领域所面临的重要挑战。鉴于全球导航卫星系统对电离层闪烁的敏感性和对信号幅度分布反演的准确性，利用巴西圣若泽杜斯坎普斯和澳大利亚达尔文地面站全球定位系统 L1频段（1.575 GHz）信号的幅度观测数据，深入分析电离层闪烁期间L波段信号幅度的统计特性，建立α-η-μ分布模型与电离层闪烁指数之间的物理关联机制，并评估该分布模型对闪烁信号幅度分布的适配能力。研究结果表明，α-η-μ分布能够准确刻画闪烁信号幅度分布，尤其在低纬度区域表现出较高的拟合精度，为电离层闪烁研究提供重要的衰落模型支撑。

关键词: 电离层闪烁, 信号幅度分布, α-μ分布, α-η-μ分布, 闪烁指数

Abstract:

The severe impact of ionospheric scintillation on the propagation characteristics of radio waves greatly deteriorates the transmission performance of satellite signals. Accurately characterizing the signal fading characteristics under ionospheric scintillation is an important challenge faced by satellite communication, navigation, radar and other fields. Given the sensitivity of Global Navigation Satellite Systems （GNSS） to ionospheric scintillation and the precision required for signal amplitude distribution inversion, this study employs amplitude observation data from Global Positioning System （GPS） L1 band signals （1.575 GHz） collected at ground stations in São José dos Campos, Brazil, and Darwin, Australia. This work conducts a comprehensive analysis of the statistical characteristics of L-band signal amplitudes during ionospheric scintillation events. It establishes the physical correlation mechanism between α-η-μ distribution model and the ionospheric scintillation index, and evaluates the model’s ability to accurately fit the amplitude distribution of scintillated signals. The research results indicate that the α-η-μ distribution can accurately characterize the amplitude distribution of scintillation signals, especially exhibiting high fitting accuracy in low latitude regions, providing important fading model support for ionospheric scintillation research.

Key words: ionospheric scintillation, signal amplitude distribution, α-μ distribution, α-η-μ distribution, scintillation index

中图分类号:

P 352

徐冠军, 李云耀, 王欢, 宋朝晖. 基于α-η-μ分布的电离层闪烁信号衰落建模[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(10): 3330-3339.

Guanjun Xu, Yunyao Li, Huan Wang, Zhaohui Song. Modeling the fading of ionospheric scintillation signals based on α-η-μ distribution[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(10): 3330-3339.

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参数	η-μ	Nakagami-m	Hoyt	单边高斯	瑞利	威布尔
α	2	2	2	2	2	α
η	η	1或0	$ \dfrac{1-b}{1+b} $	0 或∞	1	1
μ	μ	$ \dfrac{m}{2} $或m	1	$ \dfrac{1}{2} $	$ \dfrac{1}{2} $	1

S₄	闪烁样本数量
S₄	达尔文站	圣若泽杜斯坎普斯站
0.6	292	338
0.7	235	243
0.8	199	161
0.9	138	111

S₄	α-μ最优参数值		α-η-μ最优参数值
S₄	α	μ	α	η	μ
0.6	1.689 3	3.907 6	1.450 6	9.553 7	4.470 6
0.7	1.222 0	5.635 1	0.467 8	12.543 9	36.698 5
0.8	1.265 7	4.037 6	0.556 2	41.184 5	22.143 3
0.9	1.635 0	1.864 3	0.841 3	90.261 1	7.593 1

S₄	α-μ最优参数值		α-η-μ最优参数值
S₄	α	μ	α	η	μ
0.6	1.012 7	11.270 2	1.564 8	3.841 2	3.112 3
0.7	1.168 4	6.195 1	1.459 3	3.127 6	2.508 0
0.8	1.265 7	4.037 6	2.163 5	5.966 8	0.998 6
0.9	1.294 4	3.058 5	1.751 6	4.353 1	1.142 9