At present, the main methods for evaluating the multi-level health status of onorbit satellites are the weighted synthesis methods. However, these methods cannot adequately characterize the high redundancy and reconfigurability of the satellite system, and the weight parameters are seriously determined by subjective judgment or expert experience. In order to describe the influence of the structural characteristics of the satellite system, such as high redundancy, reconfigurability and nonlinearity, a method for evaluating the multilevel health status of the onorbit satellite based on reconfigurable degree is proposed. At the component level, the nonparametric regression method is used to evaluate the health status. From the component level to the system level, the system can be evaluated by building a tree structure model based on the degree of reconfiguration. The simulation results of a satellite attitude control system show that the proposed method is of practical value to the health management of satellites.