基于星链的低轨卫星通信系统多普勒频移特性分析

doi:10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.11.39

系统工程与电子技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 4100-4107.doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2026.11.39

• 通信与网络 • 上一篇

基于星链的低轨卫星通信系统多普勒频移特性分析

全琳¹^,²(), 刘爱军¹, 梁小虎¹, 潘克刚¹, 林鑫¹

1. 陆军工程大学通信工程学院，江苏南京 210007
2. 酒泉卫星发射中心，甘肃酒泉 735000

收稿日期:2025-07-23 修回日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-01-24
通讯作者: 刘爱军 E-mail:18919465984@163.com
作者简介:全　琳（1994—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为卫星通信
梁小虎（1989—），男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为卫星通信、超奈奎斯特传输
潘克刚（1979—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为卫星通信、信号处理及抗干扰
林　鑫（1998—），男，讲师，博士，主要研究方向为战术通信，车联网技术
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（62171466）资助课题

Starlink-based Doppler frequency shift characteristic analysis in low Earth orbit satellite communication system

Lin Quan¹^,²(), Aijun Liu¹, Xiaohu Liang¹, Kegang Pan¹, Xin Lin¹

1. College of Communication Engineering，Army Engineering University of the PLA，Nanjing 210007，China
2. Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center，Jiuquan 735000，China

Received:2025-07-23 Revised:2025-11-18 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-01-24
Contact: Aijun Liu E-mail:18919465984@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对低轨卫星星座（如星链）的高动态性和轨道异构性导致的复杂时变多普勒频移问题，提出适用于异构星座，融合轨道动力学与空间几何的多维度解析模型。通过仿真分析发现，仰角与频移呈非线性关系，90°仰角时频移绝对值最小而变化率最大；轨道高度是关键因素，频移幅值及变化率随高度增加而减小（525 km比550 km频移峰值大0.48%，变化率峰值低1.8%）；地理空间依赖性显著，纬度接近轨道倾角时频移达峰值，经度影响呈周期性。研究揭示了星链星座多普勒频移规律，为低轨卫星地面信关站设计、频偏补偿及通信优化提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 低轨卫星通信, 多普勒频移, 星链计划, 多维度分析, 轨道异构性

Abstract:

Aimming at the complex time-varying Doppler frequency shifts in low-Earth orbit satellite constellations (like Starlink) caused by high dynamics and orbital heterogeneity, a multi-dimensional analytical model integrating orbital dynamics and spatial geometry for heterogeneous constellations is developed. Simulations reveal a nonlinear relationship between elevation angle and Doppler frequency shift, At an elevation angle of 90°, the absolute value of frequency shift is the smallest while the rate of change is the largest; orbit height is a key factor, as the amplitude and rate of change of frequency shift decrease with increasing height (the peak frequency shift at 525 km is 0.48% higher than that at 550 km, while the peak rate of change is 1.8% lower); strong geospatial dependence, with frequency shifts peaking when ground station latitude approaches orbital inclination while longitude exhibits periodic influence. These findings elucidate Doppler frequency shift law in Starlink constellations, providing valuable insights for optimizing ground station gateway design, frequency shift compensation, and communication in low Earth orbit satellite.

Key words: low-Earth orbit satellite communication, Doppler frequency shift, Starlink program, multi-dimensional analysis, orbital heterogeneity

中图分类号:

TN 929.5

全琳, 刘爱军, 梁小虎, 潘克刚, 林鑫. 基于星链的低轨卫星通信系统多普勒频移特性分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2026, 48(11): 4100-4107.

Lin Quan, Aijun Liu, Xiaohu Liang, Kegang Pan, Xin Lin. Starlink-based Doppler frequency shift characteristic analysis in low Earth orbit satellite communication system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2026, 48(11): 4100-4107.

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分组	卫星总数/颗	轨道高/km	轨道倾角/（°）
1	1584（72×22）	550	53
2	720（36×20）	570	70
3	348（6×58）	560	97.6
4	1584（72×22）	540	53.2
补充	172（4×43）	560	97.6

分组	卫星总数/颗	轨道高度/km	轨道倾角/（°）
5	3360	530	43
6	3360	559	43
7	3360	525	53
8	3360	525	53

参数名称	符号	参数值	参数名称	符号	参数值
Ka频段最大多普勒频偏/kHz	$ {f_{d\max \_{\mathrm{Ka}}}} $	421.916	Ku频段最大多普勒频偏/kHz	$ {f_{d\max \_{\mathrm{Ku}}}} $	253.149
Ka频段STK最大多普勒频偏/kHz	$ {f_{d\max \_{\mathrm{Ka}}\_{\mathrm{STK}}}} $	405.174	Ku频段STK最大多普勒频偏/kHz	$ {f_{d\max \_{\mathrm{Ku}}\_{\mathrm{STK}}}} $	243.104
Ka频段最大多普勒系数	$ {\beta _{\max \_{\mathrm{Ka}}}} $	$ 2.11 \times {10^{ - 5}} $	Ku频段最大多普勒系数	$ {\beta _{\max \_{\mathrm{Ku}}}} $	$ 2.11\times{10^{ - 5}} $
Ka频段最大多普勒变化率/（kHz/s）	$ {\varGamma _{\max \_{\mathrm{Ka}}}} $	8.12	Ku频段最大多普勒变化率/（kHz/s）	$ {\varGamma _{\max \_{\mathrm{Ku}}}} $	4.87

序号	轨道高度/km	轨道倾角/（°）	$ {f_{d\max }} $对应的纬度值/（°）
组1	550	53	48
组2	570	70	67
组3	560	97.6	90
组4	540	53.2	48
补充分组	560	97.6	90
组5	530	43	38
组6	559	43	38
组7	525	53	48

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基于星链的低轨卫星通信系统多普勒频移特性分析

Starlink-based Doppler frequency shift characteristic analysis in low Earth orbit satellite communication system

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